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Articles written by Terry Zeigler

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Coach Suspended for Mistreatment of Athlete
The real questions are "Where is the best location for an athlete diagnosed with a concussion to recover?" and "Are proper concussion treatment protocols in place?"
NFL Now Backs Concussion Research
Since the congressional hearing in October, the NFL has made a series of changes to their concussion management policies and are now supporting brain injury research.
Surfaces Matter for Keeping Cheerleaders Safe
New research comparing the critical heights for different surfaces determined that grass is not safer than a typical gym wood floor.
Should Pregnant Athletes Continue to Compete?
Recent Texas high school volleyball athlete brings the debate to the forefront. The answer needs to be decided on a case by case basis by the athlete's physician.
Concussion Research Increasing
Recent published research indicates that young female athletes perform worse on postconcussion neuropsychological tests than their male counterparts.
NFL Recommends New Concussion Guidelines
As the topic of the effects of multiple concussions on the brain receives more attention by researchers and the media, steps are being taken to protect their athletes.
Fingernail and Toenail Injuries
Injuries to the nail are very common in sports either from acute trauma or repetitive forces. Most will heal completely with treatment.
Boxer's Fracture
Although this type of fracture rarely occurs in boxers, it is the result of an improperly thrown punch and is typically seen in young males.
After the Death of High School Football Player
Kevin Telles continues to have a significant impact on his teammates as they honor his memory before, during, and after every game.
Italian Cyclist Tests Positive for Blood Doping
Rebellin tested positive for an advanced version of a blood-boosting drug. New tests were able to detect the substance from retroactive samples.
Congress Reviews NFL Head Injuries
As the body of evidence grows linking repeated concussions to permanent brain deterioration, Congress calls for an independent study.
Effects of Immobilization on the Shoulder
Immobilization and/or non-use of the shoulder can create a domino of negative effects within the joint. Early mobility is important for joint health.
Glenoid Labral Tears
The glenoid labrum can suffer a tear either through an acute injury or through degeneration over time. Treatment is based on the type of tear.
Debate Over Aluminum Bats Continues
A jury found that the maker of the Louisville Slugger aluminum bat did not adequately warn potential users of the risk of using the bat.
Bicipital Tendinitis
Frequently associated with repetitive overhead movements, this injury can cause pain, inflammation, and weakness in the front of the shoulder.
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
Diagnosing impingement syndrome correctly and early is important to prevent permanent damage to the supraspinatus and stabilizing structures.
High School Cheerleading Squads at Risk
If qualified coaches with cheerleading experience are not available at the high school level, then cheerleading squads need to keep their feet on the ground.
Properly Fitted Mouthguards Prevent Injuries
Dental literature supports the use of protective mouthguards for athletes to reduce the risks of oral injuries during sports, but there may be side effects.
Instability Problems of the Glenohumeral Joint
Because of its structure and function, the glenohumeral joint can be at risk for both multidirectional and/or unidirectional instability injuries.
Structure & Components of Glenohumeral Joint
The glenohumeral joint's bony design fosters range of motion in multiple directions. However, gaining extreme mobility within a joint sacrifices stability.
Coaching Guidelines for Keeping Athletes Safe
Coaches are hired primarily for their knowledge and expertise of a sport. But keeping young athletes safe takes more than sport knowledge.
Dangers of Rapid Weight Loss/Gain in Athletes
Intentional weight gain and weight loss are accepted practice in young adolescent male athletes. The key is keeping it healthy and safe.
Pole Vaulting Helmet Now Available
Due to the efforts of the Kevin Dare Memorial Foundation, Penn State Athletics, and Enventys, specially designed helmets are now available for pole vaulters.
Strength Supplements can be Harmful
Young athletes looking for an edge to enhance their strength and/or performance turn to supplements. The choice could be a dangerous one because they are not regulated.
Rehabilitation for a Sprained Finger
Finger injuries are the most overlooked and under treated sports injuries. Following a good treatment and rehabilitation plan can lead to a full recovery.
Monitoring Heat/Humidity Can Keep Athletes Safe
As heat and humidity levels rise, athletes are at an increased risk for heat illness. Adjustments can be made by coaches to reduce the risk.
Risk Factors Make Athletes Susceptible to Heat
If athletes can be identified early for heat illness risk factors, coaches and parents can monitor them more closely for signs and symptoms of heat illness.
Preventing Death from Heat Illness in Athletes
If exertional heat illness position statements and guidelines are followed, there should be no heat-related deaths in athletes. Adequate rest and hydration are the key.
Indicted High School Coach Found Not Guilty
The coach was found not guilty of reckless homicide and wanton endangerment in death of one of his athletes, but could his death have been prevented?
High School Football Player Died After Game
A young football player collapsed on the field during the fourth quarter with two minutes left in the game. Emergency treatment was unsuccessful in reviving athlete.
Concussions May Cause Long Lasting Brain Injury
The same brain damage that has been seen in boxers is now being seen in former National Football League players.
Beginning Exercises to Reduce Muscle Spasm
Weak back muscles can place an individual at risk for muscle spasms. Recovery includes heat, rest, isometric muscle exercises, and gradual stretching exercises.
Understanding and Treating Muscle Spasm
Muscle spasms are often felt in the back and are the body's own protective mechanism to splint and protect injured tissue by limiting movement.
Pole Vaulter Dies from Head Injury
Leon Roach, 19, died Saturday after being taken off life-support. Roach missed protective padding and landed head first on to concrete during a rope swing exercise.
Football Leads High School Sports Injuries
A recent study looked at injury data from nine high school sports through the 2005-2007 sports seasons. Sports injury data/analysis can focus attention on prevention.
Acromioclavicular Sprain Sidelines Bradford
The acromioclavicular joint is located within the shoulder and plays an important role in shoulder mobility. An injury can affect an athlete's ability to throw.
Recovering From a Hamstring Strain
The pain from a hamstring strain can linger for months after an initial injury. Proper care includes immediate treatment followed by a progressive rehabilitation plan.
New Reinforced Baseball Helmets by Rawling
Major league pitchers routinely throw in the 90-plus range, but most helmet models are compromised in the 70 mph range. The Rawlings S100 can withstand a 100mph ball.
Exercise Equipment
With so much exercise equipment on the market, the key to meeting the consumer's fitness goals is to find and purchase the right piece of equipment.
Criteria for Return to Play After An Injury
Returning an athlete safely to play is dependent on specific criteria including range of motion, strength, power, and functional ability.
Preventing Achilles Tendon Rupture in Adults
Achilles tendon ruptures are most commonly seen in adults ages 30-50. Focused attention on keeping the tissue flexible and strong can reduce the risk.
HIV's Affect on Sports
Eighteen years ago the sporting world received the news that Magic Johnson had been diagnosed with HIV. His diagnosis changed the treatment of athletes.
Thermotherapy Can Help Heal Injuries
Heat can increase circulation to an injured area, increase the temperature of tissue, and assist in relaxation of tight and/or restricted tissue.
Hot and Cold Therapy to Reduce Swelling
Alternating hot and cold therapies can be used safely after the first 48 hours of an injury to reduce swelling. A variety of hot and cold therapies can be used.
Cortisone Injection is Not a Stand Alone Therapy
While a cortisone injection can reduce pain in an inflamed area, it does not help heal the tissue. The cause of the inflammation needs to be found.
Headache Disorders in an Active Population
Identifying the type of headache can help with a treatment and prevention plan.
Female Dancers and Lower ACL Injuries
A number of theories exist as to why female dancers have a lower incidence of ACL injuries than their peers who compete in traditional sports.
Cryotherapy
Cold therapy has long been known to be beneficial for treating injuries. Knowing the specific type of cryotherapy to use can lead to effective results.
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
Understanding the physiology behind the pain can lead to effective treatment measures. Both ice massage and athletic tape can help reduce the pain.
Dextrose Prolotherapy
More research is needed to determine if this therapy is safe and effective for healing tissue. Although recent research is supportive, larger quality studies are needed.
Caution When Considering Cortisone Injections
Care should be taken when considering cortisone injections. Opponents argue that cortisone injections may damage the tissue thereby inhibiting the healing process.
Disqualified by Hypertropohic Cardiomyopathy
A good decision has been made by the USC football program not to allow Telfort to compete placing the value of his life over the business of sports.
Subungual Hematoma
Immediate treatment for subungual hematoma can reduce pain and possibly save the toenail/fingernail. Nail beds can be drained safely using the heated end of a paperclip.
Exercises to Improve Vertical Leap
Understanding the demands of the movement can help you design the right exercises. The vertical leap is a power movement requiring strength and speed of movement.
Young Boxer Collapses After Fight
Although much is being done by the medical community to study and prevent serious injuries sustained by boxers, another young boxer died this week.
Natural Way to Gain Muscle
Gains in muscle mass can be achieved without the use of performance enhancing drugs or supplements through consistent high intensity resistance training.
Reducing the Risk of Skateboarding Head Injuries
Approximately one-third of skateboarding injuries each year involve head injuries. Wearing a helmet can reduce the severity of the injury by cushioning the blow.
CA-MRSA: An Athlete's Life-Threatening Story
Baker may have received CA-MRSA through a turf burn IN his shoulder during a football game. After fighting for his life in an intensive-care unit, Baker walked away.
Artificial Intervertebral Disc Replacement
Millions of people suffer low back pain every year. New technology is advancing the treatment for low back pain including artificial disc replacement surgery.
Conditioning or Punishment - Are Your Kids Safe?
Thousands of parents entrust their children into the hands of coaches every year. Discipline is one of the lessons learned in sports, but at what price to the athlete?
Terminating a Season after Multiple Concussions
With new research being published about the long term effects of recurrent concussions, the question needs to be asked, "How many is too many?"
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
New research indicates that recurrent concussions may have permanent and long-lasting damage for athletes. More research is needed.
New Guidelines for the Management of Concussions
Criteria to return athletes to competition are no longer based on the athlete's subjective response to questions. A graduated return to play is now recommended.
Severity of Concussions in Athletes
Medical professionals working with athletes are being directed to care for concussions based on the athlete's day-to-day symptoms rather than a preset diagnostic scale.
Recurrent Concussion in Sports
Clinical research substantiates the claim that athletes who suffer recurrent concussions have symptoms that last longer and have a significantly slower rate of recovery.
Recreational Diving Board Injuries
As recreational aquatic sports participation peaks during the summer months, so will the number of diving related injuries in teenagers and children.
Overtraining Syndrome in Competitive Athletes
Overtraining syndrome is an incompletely understood disorder combining psychological, physiological, and hormonal changes that negatively affect performance.
Overtraining Young Athletes May Lead to Injuries
Increasing sport specialization and overtraining may place young athletes at risk for overuse injuries. New recommendations have been released to reduce injuries.
Athletic Drug Testing in Secondary Schools
Drug testing of high school athletes is determined on a state by state basis by the high school athletic governing body of each state. The trend is growing.
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy
There is an increasing trend in using concentrated platelets to facilitate healing in a number areas including dentistry, neurosurgery, wound healing, and orthopedics.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT)
New research shows evidence of healing in nonunion stress fractures of the tibia, fifth metatarsal, and pubic ramis in five athletes after treatment with ESWT.
Stress Fractures in Athletes
Early recognition can lead to effective treatment. Treatment consists of rest, therapy, and correcting mechanical abnormalities that may have lead to the injury.
Meniscal Repair Versus Removal
Some surgeons are being more aggressive in repairing meniscus tears that wouldn't traditionally be repaired. Patients need to be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Understanding ACL Injuries in Females
Females have specific risk factors associated with ACL injuries. Current research documents that specific prevention programs reduce the ACL injury rates in females.
Why Some ACL Surgeries Fail
While most ACL surgeries are successful, approximately 10-15 percent fail. A number of causes including early return to play and patient non-compliance top the list.
Management of Abrasions in Sports
Open wounds are a daily occurrence in sports. Proper care and management of open wounds can reduce healing time, prevent infection, and reduce scarring of the tissue.
Shoulder Injuries Common in Adolescent Athletes
Shoulder injuries are common in all sports. Understanding the types of injuries and how they occur can provide important information for coaches to reduce injuries..
Healing of Bone Injuries
The anatomic properties of bone allow it to continue to remodel itself throughout a lifetime. These same properties work together to heal bone fragments after a fracture.
Dancer's Hip
Due to the demands in dance for extreme flexibility of the hip joint, snapping hip syndrome is a common problem that may or may not be accompanied with pain.
Clavicular Fractures in Sports
The clavicle's location, unique shape, and proximity to the glenohumeral joint make it susceptible to injury in sports. New research is changing the management of care.
Ocean-Related Cervical Spine Injuries
Bodysurfing and wave related spinal cord injuries occur each year. Understanding the common mechanisms of injury along with educating the public can reduce injuries.
Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is a potentially fatal condition that can be seen in endurance athletes when their sodium levels drop too low either from hyperhydration or from dehydration.
Anatomical Structures of Glenohumeral Joint
Understanding the anatomical structures within the shoulder provides insight into the types of injuries seen in sport.
Car Surfing: a Dangerous Phenomenon
Car surfing is the latest high risk behavior in which an individual either stands or lies down on the top of a car while another person is driving.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
According to physicians Frush, T.J., and Lindenfeld, T N. (Sports Health, 2009), Osgood-Schlatter disease is the most common overuse injury in adolescent athletes.
Understanding Concussion in Sports
A lot of attention has been focused on the elusive injury of concussion. New evidence-based research is changing the recognition, management, and treatment.
Certified Athletic Trainer Physician Extenders
Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) are increasingly moving from high school and college athletic settings into physician offices as physician extenders.
Young Athletes with Low Back Pain
An immature musculoskeletal system combined with participation in sports that place repetitive stress on the spine can place young athletes at risk for low back injury.
Competitive Cheer and Dance Gaining Ground
Although not yet recognized as a "sport" by the NCAA, many NCAA Division I institutions currently sponsor competitive cheer and dance teams.
Another Young Boxer Dies in the Ring
Benjamin Flores, 24, died Tuesday from head injuries sustained in a bout the previous Thursday. Andras Nagy, 23, died Thursday after succumbing to his head injuries.
Recognition and Treatment of Facial Fractures
Coaches should be prepared to act in the event of a serious injury. Recognizing a serious facial/head injury is important in providing the proper emergency treatment
Incidence of Maxillofacial Fractures in Sports
Reviewing the incidence, types, and mechanisms of facial fractures can lead to awareness for the purpose of prevention, recognition, and treatment of these injuries.
Competitive Dance in High School
Although not sponsored as a sport at the high school level, competition dance teams are gaining popularity with young girls.
Preventing Ankle Injuries in Sports
Combining proprioceptive exercises along with specific strength training exercises will increase the stability of the ankle thereby reducing the severity of injuries.
Physiology and Functions of Meniscus Cartilage
A healthy meniscus cartilage provides more than a cushion for the knee. It also plays a critical role in joint nutrition and stability.
Competitive Cheer and Dance as Sports
Flexibility, strength, balance, coordination, and power all describe the components of these athletes. So why so much controversy over defining these as sports?
Certified Athletic Trainer Medical Professional
The certified athletic trainer is recognized by the American Medical Association as an allied health professional specializing in the recognition and care of injuries.
Risk of Ruptured Spleen in Contact Sports
Athletes diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis may be at risk for rupturing their spleen due to possible enlargement of the spleen during the course of the disease.
Understanding the Mechanics of Back Pain
Back injuries affect thousands of people every year. Understanding the anatomy of the back will provide the foundation to prevent painful injuries.
Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Incorporating balance training, low intensity plyometric training, and strength training can lower the risk of ACL tears in young women.
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