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Articles written by Susan KristoffAll 127 articles written by Susan Kristoff What is Gas Welding?: How Fuels are Used to Cut and Weld Metal Category: Manufacture Engineering Fuel gases have been used for torch welding for over 100 years. more... Oxy-Acetylene Welding: Using Fuel Gases to Cut and Weld Metals Category: Manufacture Engineering A common welding method uses an oxy-acetylene torch to heat metals and melt filler materials. more... The Frozen Halls of Icecrown Citadel: WoW: Wrath of the Lich King's Final Instances Category: Online Games Blizzard has released information about the Frozen Halls instances for World of Warcraft, where players will finally get to confront the Lich King, Arthas. more... What is a Light Emitting Diode?: How LEDs Work and What They're Used For Category: Electrical Engineering Light emitting diodes are widely used in everything from electronic components to traffic lights. more... Secondary Effects of Dam Construction: How Dam Building Affects the Local Environment Category: Environmental Engineering The installation of a hydroelectric dam facility can have a variety of influences on the environment of the river and local area. more... Category: Online Games World of Warcraft's Cataclysm expansion will offer a variety of new race-class combinations never before available. more... Popular Computer Aided Design Software: The Top CAD Programs Used by Engineers Category: Engineering (general) Engineers rely on these computer aided design packages to get their work done efficiently. more... What is the Cricut Gypsy?: Provocraft Releases New Design System for Cricut Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts The craft world is buzzing with news of the soon to be released Cricut Gypsy created by ProvoCraft. more... World Hydroelectric Power Generation: How Water is Used to Generate Electricity Around the World Category: Environmental Engineering Hydroelectric power is the most widely used renewable energy source in the world. more... Ten Mechanical Failure Modes: Different Ways that Structures Can Fail Category: Mechanical Engineering Forces imposed on systems can cause failures in many different ways. more... Computer Aided Design Software: Engineering Programs that Facilitate the Design Process Category: Engineering (general) Engineers use CAD software to design everything from electronic components to skyscrapers. more... How to Create a Decorative Canvas: Using Craft Materials to Make Beautiful Home Decor Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts A simple art canvas can be transformed using a variety of craft materials into a unique home decor item. more... Tauren Paladins in World of Warcraft: New Class Proposed in the WoW Expansion Cataclysm Category: Online Games Shifts in Tauren principles result in new paladins after the Cataclysm. more... How Cofferdams are Used in Construction: Temporary Dams Simplify Underwater Building Processes Category: Civil Engineering Cofferdams allow engineers to displace water from an area to allow for construction operations. more... Category: Engineering (general) Engineers rely on a variety of software programs on a daily basis to perform tasks that were previously unthinkable. more... Introduction to Corrosion: The Effects of Corrosion on Metals and Other Materials Category: Mechanical Engineering Exposure to water, oxygen, and other agents can cause material corrosion, resulting in loss of structural integrity or degradation in surface appearance. more... Designing Tools for Space: Engineering Tools to be used in Zero-g Environment Category: Mechanical Engineering Astronauts have to use specially designed tools when working in space. more... Book Review – Rendezvous with Rama: Arthur C. Clarke’s Award Winning 1972 Novel Category: Alien/Space Fiction In Rendezvous with Rama, Clarke explores the effects that an object from interstellar space has on the humanity in its path. more... Category: Mechanical Engineering Normal flight operations combined with exposure to corrosive elements can cause material loss and a reduction of structural integrity in fuselage lap joints. more... Extracting Petroleum from Oil Sands: Tapping an Underutilized Petroleum Source Category: Engineering (general) Oil sands offer an alternative source for crude oil production than traditional petroleum reserves. more... Category: Mechanical Engineering The presence of widespread fatigue damage and inter-layer corrosion led to massive crack progression through the fuselage of the Aloha Flight 243 aircraft. more... Metal Coating Processes: Protecting Metal Parts and Structures from Environmental Damage Category: Manufacture Engineering A variety of coating materials and processes exist to protect metal parts and structures from environmental effects. more... The Stress Intensity Factor: How Stresses can be Accurately Predicted around Cracks Category: Mechanical Engineering The stress intensity factor uses geometric and load distribution properties to determine stress levels and predict crack growth. more... Altered and Decorated Frames: Quick and Easy Gifts Using Simple Frames Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts An altered frame makes a great gift to commemorate a special event or a special person. more... Introduction to Crack Growth: Understanding Crack Initiation and Progression in Engineered Parts Category: Mechanical Engineering Crack initiation and progression can lead to failures in components if not detected and monitored. more... Tensile Testing of Engineering Materials: Evaluating the Strength and Ductility of Materials Category: Mechanical Engineering Tensile testing is used by engineers to understand the material properties of metals and other engineering materials. more... Mechanics of Materials: How Components and Systems React Under Loading Category: Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of materials help engineers predict system behavior. more... Defining an Engineering Job Search Objective: Creating a Clear Goal for Engineering Employment Category: Engineering (general) The first step in the engineering job search process is to create a clear objective in terms of job description, and environment. more... The Engineering Job Search Project: The Engineer's Approach to Finding a New Job Category: Engineering (general) Engineers should approach the job search process using techniques and skills they understand. more... The Properties of Steel I-Beams: Taking Advantage of the Strength of I-Beam Construction Category: Mechanical Engineering The inherent structural properties of steel I-beams make them optimal for a variety of applications where strength is required. more... Category: Manufacture Engineering Extrusion blow molding is a process used to create hollow parts from a plastic base material. more... Environmental Engineering 101: How Science and Technology are Used to Improve the Environment Category: Environmental Engineering Environmental engineering is focused on using engineering principles to improve the quality of the environment. more... How to Choose an Adhesive: Selecting the Right Adhesive based on Specific Project Requirements Category: Mechanical Engineering Choosing the right adhesive for an engineering project can be the key to the success of that project. more... Aerospace Engineering 101: The Study of Making Things Take Flight Category: Engineering (general) Aerospace engineering focuses on the understanding, design, and development of aircraft and spacecraft structures and systems. more... Alternative Energy for Automobile Technology: Moving Beyond Gasoline-Based Transportation Category: Engineering (general) While the internal combustion engine still dominates the automobile market, several alternative technologies are on the market or in development. more... Category: Mechanical Engineering Honda's innovative walking assist device literally "takes the load off" to make repetitive tasks easier and makes walking easier for the physically disabled. more... Characteristics of Strain Gauges: Understanding the Variables Involved in Selecting Strain Sensors Category: Mechanical Engineering Choosing the right strain gauge for a measurement application requires selecting gauges with the right characteristics for the job. more... Introduction to Nuclear Power: Generating Electricity by Harnessing the Power of the Atom Category: Environmental Engineering Nuclear power draws on the energy contained within an atom to generate electricity. more... Internal Combustion Engine Designs: Differing Designs for Varying Engine Applications Category: Mechanical Engineering A wide variety of internal combustion engines exist to provide the right design for the right application. more... The Internal Combustion Engine: How Engines Convert Fuel into Motion and Power Category: Mechanical Engineering Internal combustion engines power many of the basic functions of human existence, from automobiles and aircraft to gas turbines and generators. more... The Wheatstone Bridge: Using Bridge Circuits to Provide Signal Conditioning Category: Electrical Engineering Wheatstone Bridge circuits are often used with strain gauges and other resistive sensors for signal conditioning. more... Financing an Engineering Education: Strategies for Finding the Money to Pay for Engineering School Category: Engineering (general) An engineering education is an investment, and there are many options to pay for engineering school tuition. more... Strain Gauges and Rail Forces: Using Strain Sensors to Measure Force in Continuously Welded Rail Category: Mechanical Engineering Sealed, weldable strain gauges provide an inexpensive and robust system for monitoring rail forces in continuously welded rail (CWR). more... Measuring Rail Forces: How to Characterize Internal Forces in Continuously Welded Rail Category: Mechanical Engineering Strain gauges can be used to measure vertical, lateral, and longitudinal forces in continuously welded rail (CWR). more... Electrical Engineering 101: An Introduction to Electrical Engineers and What They Do Category: Electrical Engineering Electrical engineering is one branch of the engineering profession, and is concerned with the understanding of electricity and the development of electronic systems. more... Introduction to Simple Machines: How Mechanical Devices are Used to Transmit Forces Category: Mechanical Engineering Simple machines are mechanical devices that provide mechanical advantage when inputing a force. more... Introduction to Optical Sensors: Using Light as a Measurement Tool Category: Engineering (general) Optical sensors detect the presence or behavior of light waves. This could include light in the visible spectrum, or outside the visible spectrum. more... The Basics of Geothermal Power: Using Geothermal Heat to Generate Electricity Category: Environmental Engineering Geothermal sources are used worldwide to generate electricity for residential and industrial use. more... Strain Gauge Installation Methods: How Strain Measurement Sensors are Applied to Test Specimens Category: Mechanical Engineering Strain gauges can be installed on a wide range of test systems to evaluate strain, stresses and forces being generated. more... Solar Antennae that Generate Power: Gathering Solar Energy via Nanoscale Antennae Developed in Idaho Category: Manufacture Engineering A team at the Idaho National Laboratories has developed an innovative method to manufacture nanoscale antennae at the right size to capture energy from the sun. more... Creating an Altered Clipboard: Using Paper Crafting Techniques to Decorate a Clipboard Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts An altered clipboard makes a great gift for teachers, friends, or family members. more... Category: Environmental Engineering Electricity generated from solar power makes up a growing portion of the worldwide power generation market. more... An Introduction to Strain Gauges: How Engineers Use Sensors to Measure Strain in Mechanical Parts Category: Mechanical Engineering Strain gauges are the most widely used method to measure small strains in mechanical components. more... Airbag Components and Function: How Airbags are Designed to Save Lives in Automobile Accidents Category: Mechanical Engineering Airbags have been the largest occupant safety innovation in the automobile industry since the introduction of the lap/shoulder seatbelt. more... Recycling Used Automobile Tires: Novel Methods for Reusing Rubber Tire Material Category: Environmental Engineering While piles of discarded automobile tires used to be an eyesore or a fire hazard, today there are many methods to recycle tires and put the material to good use. more... Generating Power from Wind Energy: How Wind Power Is Converted into Electricity Category: Engineering (general) Electricity generated from wind power makes up a growing portion of the worldwide power generation market. more... Digital Paper Cutting Systems: Advances in Technology for the Paper Crafter and Scrapbooker Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Digital cutting systems give the paper crafter the ability to cut detailed fonts and shapes in limitless sizes and variations. more... Category: Business Project Management Choosing the most capable people for a project team is vital to the success of a project. more... Useful Paper Craft Cutting Tools: Punches, Die-Cutters and More for the Scrapbooker Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Once you have added the essential cutting tools to your collection, these additional tools make paper crafting and scrapbooking easy. more... Scrapbooking Your Goals: Creating a Goal Journal to Help You to Stick to Your Resolutions Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Writing down your resolutions in a journal is a great first step to sticking to them. Use journaling and scrapbooking techniques to add a creative touch to your goals. more... Altering Chipboard with Paper: Decorating Chipboard Shapes Using Paper Scraps Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Create simple embellishments for scrapbooking projects by covering chipboard shapes with paper. more... Custom Envelopes for Gift Cards: Dress up an ordinary gift card with a handmade envelope. Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Creating a custom envelope is a simple way to give a personal touch to a gift card. more... Mechanical Engineering 101: An Introduction to Mechanical Engineers and What They Do Category: Engineering (general) What is mechanical engineering? Learn about the branches of the field, educational paths and professional societies. more... Engineering 101: The Basics: An Introduction to Engineers and What They Do Category: Engineering (general) Learn about the engineering profession, including the branches of engineering, what engineers do, and the contributions of engineers to society. more... Local Motors Breaking Design Rules: Crowdsourcing Automobile Design Category: Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts-based Local Motors is putting a new spin on the traditional automobile engineering and manufacturing process. more... Introduction to Welding: How to Create Strong Bonds between Metal Parts Category: Manufacture Engineering Welding is the process of locally melting and joining metal parts to create a strong mechanical connection. more... Potentiometers as Sensors: Using Variable Resistors as Measurement Devices Category: Electrical Engineering Potentiometers can be used as sensors to convert displacement into a voltage change for measurement purposes. more... Introduction to USB 3.0: How this New Design will Increase Transfer Speeds Tenfold Category: Computer Hardware/Accessories (general) USB 3.0, which will be available in late 2009, will provide a significant increase in transfer speeds over currently available USB 2.0 connections. more... Dwarf Shamans in World of Warcraft: New Roles for Dwarves in the WoW: Cataclysm Expansion Category: Online Games Dwarf characters will be able to choose the shaman class in the upcoming World of Warcraft: Cataclysm expansion. more... Fiber Optic Sensors: Using the Properties of Glass for Measurement Functions Category: Electrical Engineering Optical fibers can be used for a variety of measurement functions, including temperature, pressure, and humidity. more... Engineering the Three Gorges Dam: Building the World's Largest Hydroelectric Power Plant Category: Civil Engineering China's Three Gorges Dam provided designers and construction crews with several engineering challenges. more... Hydroelectric Engineering Principles: How the Potential Energy of Water is Converted to Electricity Category: Environmental Engineering Hydroelectric power generation harnesses the energy stored within a reservoir of water. more... Troll Druids in World of Warcraft: New Class of Trolls Proposed for the WoW Expansion: Cataclysm Category: Online Games Blizzard announces the addition of the druid class to the troll race in the next WoW expansion. more... Playable Factions in World of Warcraft: Choosing a Faction for Your WoW Character Category: Online Games The MMORPG World of Warcraft allows players to create a character from a diverse range of races among the two main factions. more... Jousting in World of Warcraft: How to Excel at WoW's Argent Crusade Mounted Quests Category: Online Games Jousting in World of Warcraft requires a bit of skill and timing, but can easily be mastered. more... Fire Protection Engineering: Developing Fire Mitigation Technology Category: Mechanical Engineering Fire protection engineers use advanced materials and components to reduce the effects of fires on homes and buildings. more... Types of Dam Structures: Dam Designs and their Functions Category: Civil Engineering Different dam structures are used depending on terrain, available materials, and purpose. more... Choosing a Paper Trimmer: Selecting the Right Paper Cutter for Your Craft Needs Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts A good paper trimmer is an essential tool in any scrapbooker or paper crafter's arsenal of tools. more... How do Air Conditioners Work?: The Engineering Behind an Essential Summer Appliance Category: Mechanical Engineering Many take the cool air produced by an air conditioning unit for granted, but how is that cold air created? more... Materials Engineering 101: An Introduction to Materials Engineers and What They Do Category: Mechanical Engineering Materials engineers study the behavior of materials and develop innovative materials for a variety of applications. more... Sour Cherry Crumb Pie: Turning Tart Cherries into a Sweet Treat Category: Pies/Cookies/Squares Sour cherries are perfect for baking into sweet pies. more... Introduction to Positive Train Control: Providing Increased Safety to Rail Vehicles Category: Engineering (general) Positive train control is an umbrella term that applies to technologies that helps rail vehicles to avoid accidents. more... Pursuing an Online Engineering Degree: Is a Remote Learning Engineering Program the Right Option? Category: Engineering (general) For some prospective engineering students, an online engineering degree program is the best fit for their lifestyle. more... Fatigue Crack Growth in Aircraft Lap Joints: How Cracks Initiate and Progress in Fuselage Structures Category: Mechanical Engineering Normal flight cycles can cause crack initiation and progression in aircraft skins. more... Category: Engineering (general) Research grants are available to individuals and companies looking to bring their ideas to market. more... Strain in Engineered Components: How Forces and Deflections Affect Systems Category: Mechanical Engineering Strain is a material effect in a component that is subjected to an applied force. Learn about stress, strain and measuring material damage in this article. more... Rhubarb Cream Pie: A Tasty Way to Use this Spring Plant Category: Pies/Cookies/Squares A rhubarb cream pie is a refreshing way to welcome in spring with this early garden crop. more... Stress in Engineered Components: How Applied Forces Affect Mechanical Parts Category: Mechanical Engineering Stress in mechanical systems can have a variety of effects on system performance and operating life. more... Fatigue in Engineered Structures: How Repeated Loadings Affect Structural Strength Category: Mechanical Engineering Structural fatigue is caused by repeated loadings. Excessive fatigue can lead to crack growth or failure. more... Introduction to Stress-Strain Diagrams: A Tool for Understanding Material Behavior under Load Category: Mechanical Engineering A stress-strain diagram helps engineers select the right materials for specific loading conditions. more... Business Networking for Engineers: Using Networking to Assist with the Engineering Job Search Category: Engineering (general) Engineers can leverage the power of their personal and business networks in conjunction with online tools to achieve success in their job search. more... Anatomy of a Steel I-Beam: Characteristics and Terminology of Structural I-Beams Category: Mechanical Engineering Steel I-beams are used for a variety of structural applications. Specific terminology is used to describe I-beam characteristics and properties. more... Category: Engineering (general) A resume is often the first impression a company sees of an applicant. How should engineers approach the resume writing process to achieve success? more... Industrial Engineering 101: Designing and Optimizing Processes and Systems Category: Engineering (general) Industrial engineering focuses on process and system improvements in a variety of disciplines. more... Introduction to Injection Molding: Manufacturing Cost-Effective Plastic Parts Category: Manufacture Engineering Injection molding is a manufacturing method to mass produce plastic parts at a reasonable cost to the producer. more... Computer Engineering 101: The Study of Developing Components and Systems for Today’s Computers Category: Electrical Engineering Computer engineering has grown from a subset of electrical engineering into an independent and diverse branch of the engineering profession. more... 2009 NAE Awards: The National Academy of Engineering's Greatest Honors Category: Engineering (general) The National Academy of Engineering recently bestowed three of its highest awards on two individuals and one group for their contributions to engineering. more... Biomedical Engineering 101: Developing Processes and Systems to Help the Human Body Function Category: Engineering (general) Biomedical engineers help to understand how the human body works, to diagnose ailments more accurately and develop innovative methods to treat diseases. more... Altered Notepad Holder: A Creative Gift for the Organized Person Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts This quick and easy altered notepad holder makes a great gift for teachers, moms, and more. more... Strain Gauge Materials and Performance: Selecting a Gauge Material to Match Application Requirements Category: Mechanical Engineering Strain gauges are available in a variety of alloys to ensure the most accurate performance during different measurement environments. more... Engineering the Large Hadron Collider: The Structure and Function of the World’s Largest Machine Category: Engineering (general) The Large Hadron Collider is the world's largest machine, used to learn more about the tiniest particles of matter. more... Introduction to Galvanization: How Galvanizing Metal Parts Increases Part Life Category: Mechanical Engineering Galvanization provides a rust-resistant barrier to steel parts exposed to the environment. more... General Motors Unveils the Chevy Volt: New Technologies put Plug-In Electric Cars in the Spotlight Category: Engineering (general) The Chevy Volt, which recently transitioned from concept car to upcoming production vehicle, uses a variety of technological innovations to improve performance. more... Introduction to Data Acquisition: The Evolution of DAQ Systems for Testing and Measurement Category: Electrical Engineering Data acquisition systems are used to collect data about the behavior of objects or systems. more... The Photoelectric Effect: Converting Sunlight to Energy Via Photovoltaic Cells Category: Electrical Engineering The photoelectric effect can be harnessed to create energy from sunlight using photovoltaic cells. more... An Introduction to Refrigeration: How Refrigeration Processes Improve the Quality of Life Category: Mechanical Engineering Refrigerators and air conditioners owe their performance to the thermodynamic process known as the refrigeration cycle. more... An Introduction to Railway Engineering: The Engineering behind Railroad Systems Category: Mechanical Engineering Railway engineering is one of the oldest of the formal engineering disciplines, tracing its roots to the early 19th century and the birth of steam-power in Britain. more... Civil Engineering 101: An Introduction to Civil Engineers and What They Do Category: Civil Engineering Civil engineering is one branch of the engineering profession, and is concerned with the understanding development of structures meant for public use. more... Characteristics of Sensors: Selecting a Sensor Based on its Traits Category: Engineering (general) Sensors are used by engineers to characterize the characteristics or behavior of an object or system. Choosing the right sensor for the job is critical. more... Review: Wii Fit: Nintendo’s New Exercise Game Category: Sports Games Wii Fit, Nintendo's latest innovation for the Wii gaming console, gets the gamer off the couch. more... An Introduction to Accelerometers: Using Sensors to Measure Acceleration Category: Engineering (general) Accelerometers allow engineers to measure the accelerations in bodies and systems to ensure safety and proper operation, but can also be found in everyday objects. more... Hydroelectric Power Generation: How the Potential Energy of Water is Used to Generate Electricity Category: Environmental Engineering Hydroelectric power is one of the oldest power generation methods and is a critical part of world electricity generation. more... Non-Destructive Evaluation Methods: How To Test Products and Systems without Inflicting Damage Category: Engineering (general) Non-destructive evaluation methods allow for inspection and characterization of complex systems to find flaws before they become critical. more... Chemical Engineering 101: An Introduction to Chemical Engineers and What They Do Category: Engineering (general) Chemical engineers are involved in pharmaceuticals, fossil and biofuels, materials and processes related to many household products. more... Introduction to Die Casting: A Cost-Effective Method of Using High Pressure to Cast Metal Parts Category: Manufacture Engineering Die casting is a cost-effective method to mass-produce lightweight metallic parts for household and industrial use. more... An Introduction to Sensors: How Engineers Use Sensors to Measure Object Properties and Behaviors Category: Engineering (general) Electrical and mechanical sensors are widely used to characterize the performance and properties of components and systems, but are also found in household objects. more... Use of Robotics for Space Work: How Candarm Robotic Arms Provide Assistance for Application in Space Category: Mechanical Engineering The Canadarm robotic arm has proved invaluable to Space Shuttle astronauts, and the Canadarm 2 is doing the same for the International Space Station. more... Automobile Crashworthiness: Designing Safety Mechanisms To Reduce Car Collision Casualties Category: Mechanical Engineering Advances in the understanding of automobile crashworthiness have allowed engineers to design safety mechanisms that reduce injuries in vehicle collisions. more... National Engineers Week 2008: Celebrating the Contributions of Engineers to our Society Category: Engineering (general) National Engineers Week occurs in February each year, and is held to create awareness of the contributions of engineers to society. more... Wind Power Used for 2000 Years: History of Types of Windmills and the Development of Wind Turbines Category: Engineering (general) Humans have been using wind power for thousands of years to mill grain, pump water, and create electricity. more... How to Write Business Proposals: Effectively Communicating Great Ideas Through Project Bids Category: Technical/Business Writing (general) The proposal is one mechanism for businesses to express their innovative ideas and obtain funding to develop their ideas into quality products and services. more... The Contents of a Winning Proposal: Five Steps to Successful Proposal Development Category: Technical/Business Writing (general) Grow your business by writing stellar proposals in response to business opportunities. more... Recycling Holiday Cards: Incorporating Cards and Photos into a Holiday Scrapbook Page Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Recycle all of those cards and photos that you receive over the holidays into scrapbook layouts. more... 5 Essential Cutting Tools: The Most Needed Blade Tools for Scrapbooking and Paper Crafts Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Since scrapbooking and paper crafting are all about using papers and embellishments, these five tools will get any cutting job done. more... Chipboard 101: Using Chipboard as an Embellishment in Scrapbooking Projects Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Learn five easy ways to dress up chipboard and incorporate it into your scrapbooking and paper crafting projects. more... 10 Essential Scrapbooking Tools: The Basic Tools for Scrapbook and Paper Crafting Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts These tools are all that is needed to create beautiful scrapbook and paper craft topics. more... Handmade Teacher Gifts: Using Paper Crafting Techniques to Create Fun and Easy Gifts Category: Scrapbooking & Paper Crafts Creative teacher gifts are easy to make using scrapbooking, stamping, and paper crafting techniques. more...
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