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Articles written by Maureen Zieber

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Lenni Lenape People and Naming
The Lenni Lenape people had names that were individual to each person. The only way to get a true name was to request one from the name-giver. Nicknames were often used.
Tlingit/Lingit Language of Alaska and Canada
The Tlingit of Alaska and the Yukon Territory have a language that is endangered. Each year, the amount of speakers is decreasing. But schools are starting to teach it.
The Lenni Lenape and Their Pre-Colonial Clothing
Precontact Lenni Lenape life was hard work. They made their clothes from plant fibers, but mostly animal skins. What they wore was simple and functional.
Marriage and Family in Lenni Lenape Culture
Pre-contact Lenni Lenape people believed that women were the heads of the household. Marriage and divorce were simple ceremonies carried out between families.
South Africa, the Dynamic Country
South Africa is located on the southern tip of the African Continent. Its history is as diverse as its multitude of languages, races of people, and political views.
Lenni Lenape People and the Concept of Death
During the time before Colonial America, the Lenni Lenape had a rich and vibrant culture. This culture included burial traditions and the ideas of the after life.
Lenni Lenape Village Construction
The Lenni Lenape people originally lived in present-day Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Their main living structure and family home was called a Wigwam.
Reincarnation and Superstitions with the Makuna
Columbian Amazonian tribe, the Makuna believe in the concept of reincarnation, but to obtain it properly the ceremonies must be done right.
How the Seneca Falls Convention Helped Americans
The Seneca Falls Convention was seen as the platform for women's rights. It was designed for women and people of color to have a political voice.
Brief Mining History of Iron Hill in Delaware
Iron mining has a history that evolved through centuries. Although it is fairly young in America compaired to the world, Delaware's iron mining is integral to the state.
Powwow Feather Fans
Powwows are fun to attend and exciting to watch. Details of outfits are overlooked many times. One accessory that many dancers refuse to dance without is the dance fan.
Women's Fancy Shawl Fascination
The powwow is a living part of Native American culture. As each generation passes, new things are being added. During the 1940's, the category of Fancy Shaw was added.
Animal Hide Robes and Blankets of the Plains
People living a traditional life on the Plains took pride in their material culture. One article clothing considered a multifunctional piece is the animal hide robes.
Women's Southern Cloth Dresses
At powwows, women are the overlooked beauties of the dance arena. Dresses that women wear are unique to that dancer or tribe. One progressive style is the Southern Cloth.
The Grass Dance Progression
Some powwow dance categories began as a ceremonial act, others, to wow the crowds. One evolved dance that is steeped in history and meaning is the grass dance.
Movements of Liberation in Mozambique
Revolutionary acts rip countries apart. For decades Mozambique was a center for civil war and revolution. Two movements, Frelimo and Renamo, fought for freedom.
Mozambican Women During the Revolution
Africa has been a land of turmoil for many generations. One country that has had headlines over the years is Mozambique. Their women are strong, but they had to prove it.
The Exploits of Patty Cannon
Kidnapping, smuggling and murder tend to be the exploits of a male hardened criminal. Sometimes in history the face of hideous crimes is a woman. This face: Patty Cannon.
Women of Color and Marginalized People
The Women's Rights Movement was instrumental in bringing rights to all women of America. What tends to be forgotten are the other women who fought in their own way.
Janet Mondlane: American Made African Formed
Through trials and heartache, Mrs. Mondlane dared to stand up for the rights of her family. Since moving to Mozambique over 30 years ago, she is standing for a nation.
The American Goth Subculture
There are many subcultures in America today. The Goth subculture has been outside of the popular limelight for years. This subdued culture has been mistaken as evil.
Porcupine Hair Roaches Worn at Powwows
The modern powwow has brought many ideas and changes to many tribes all across the continent. One impressive evolution has been the hair roach, worn by male dancers.
A Brief Look at the World of the Amish
The Amish culture is steeped in tradition and history. All Amish follow the Ordnung, or rules that are set for them by the Bible, but it's not just all work and no play.
The Evolution of the Powwow Dance Bustle
Powwow dancers sway and move with the music. One article of clothing that seems to confuse people is the feathered attachment to mens' clothes, which are called bustles.
The Pacaa Nova During Times of Hardship
The Pacaa Nova people of Brazil have faced many hardships in their cultural way of life. One attack is the rubber boom, where many people have die due to disease.
Cashinahua Men Versus Cashinahua Women
Cashinahua men and women have keep themselves separated by jobs for as long as the people can remember. Men are hunters, and women are the caretakers of land and people.
The Controversial Nazi Olympics of 1936
The year was 1936. The world was beginning to question the actions of Germany's new leader, Adolf Hitler. With his new power, Hitler wanted to hold his own Olympics.
The World of the Cuiva Nation of Columbia
Life among the missionaries in South America can be difficult. The Cuiva have been able to handle it, as well as with settlers that have been in Columbia for centuries.
Jingle Dress Dancing at Powwows
There are many dance styles that can be seen at a contemporary Prairie powwow. One that stands out for it's beauty, grace, unique sound and attire is the Jingle Dress.
Saint Joan d'Ark of France
Saint Joan of Ark lead a life of duty and purpose. She was called upon by God to save France from crisis. In turn, she was burned at the stake and ignored for 500 years.
Northwest European Bog Bodies
The mystery of bog bodies has been in existence for over 100 years. The need to find out where and when they are from has many archaeologists focused for the answer.
Gustoweh Worn by the Haudenosaunee
The Haudenosaunee have been living in several places around the United States and Canada for centuries. What keeps them unified is the use of the Gustoweh, or 'real hat'.
Bandolier Bags from Native North America
Bandolier Bags are heavily beaded bags that are still used as prestige symbols for some Native Nations in North America. Adapting with change, these are works of art.
Death Customs of Cashinahua and Yanomamö People
Over the centuries, the Yanomamo and Cashinahua people who live deep in the Amazon Rain Forest have evolved their mourning practices in rare and emotional ways.
Peaked Cap Worn by the Mi'kmac
Mi'kmac people are devoted to their indigenous identity. One way they can express that is with clothing. The peaked cap that women wear is a unique necessity.
Los Penitentes During Ritual Practice
Largely unknown, Penitentes are small sects of extremely devout Catholics found historically in the American Southwest. They focus their main rituals during Holy Week.
A Quick Glimpse of Heterogeneous Grouped Classes
Every classroom has its own dynamics. In a heterogeneous grouped class, there are strategies on how to work with and form a strong mixed level learning environment.
The Ever Changing Life of Amelia Earhart
Amelia Earhart had been known to conquer the skies and devote her life to the ideas of women doing anything. What she isn't known for is her fashion clothing line.
Bedouin Women and Muslim Women in Society
Middle Eastern Cultures have different meanings for veiling their women, depending on what set of people are being discussed. Bedouin and Muslim women are compared here.
Latino Dynamics in the Workforce
There has always been a separation of men and women in the workforce. Every race and culture has its own dynamics. Here, Latino men and women are the focus.
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome or RSDS, is a neurological illness that affects both men and women alike. One symptum is chronic pain, and there is no known cure.
Wampum Belts and Beads
For many centuries, native people of the Northeast have made, traded and charished the shell known as quahog. This shell was and still is very important to many people.
Some Ideas From a Few Radical Feminists
Radical feminists are the acting force of the American Woman's Movement. Their ideas and attitudes are the focus of many issues, and some are remembered more than others.
Umm Kulthum or the Voice of Egypt
Born to a poor family, Umm Kulthum grew up to become the most recognized Aribic singer in the world. After singing her whole life, she became known as the voice of Egypt.
The Man known as Blackbeard or Edward Teach
Ruthless and cunning, Blackbeard the pirate is historically said to have visited locations in both Delaware and Pennsylvania during his career on the Eastern Seaboard.
Sarah Rosetta Wakeman, "Private Lyons Wakeman"
During the American Civil War, there were women that went beyond the call of their duty to become soldiers. Sara Rosetta Wakeman, or 'Lyons Wakeman' was one such soldier.
Definition of Radical Feminism
With the passing of the 19th Amendment, radical feminism became a main-stay in women's rights movements that continue today, and continues to be divided on many issues.
Los Hermanos Penitentes
The Los Hermanos Penitentes of the American Southwest began as religious charitable organizations that believed in self inflected pain for God's forgivness and mercy.
Skinwalkers-Witches of the Navajo
The Navajo are said to believe in witches that seek revenge by killing and injuring after transforming into animals by using the pelts.They are known as the skinwalkers.
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
The Carlisle Indian Industrial School was an institution that taught native children to live in the white world. Some of those students made decent lives for themselves.