Articles written by Barbara Melville
Showing 72 Articles
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Fragile X Syndrome — Basic Genetics
Fragile X syndrome (or fragile X) is an inherited genetic condition characterized by physical and intellectual features.
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Mitochondrial DNA — An Introduction
Separate from the nuclear chromosomes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) spans about 16,500 base pairs, and is found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Huntington Disease — Basic Genetics
Huntington disease is caused by mutations in the HTT gene, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
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Basic Genetics of the Y Chromosome
Present only in males, the Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in humans, spanning over 50 million base pairs
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Genetic Counseling Careers in the US
Genetic counselors come from various backgrounds, and will usually have completed a relevant graduate degree, and a clinical work placement.
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Understanding Genetic Counseling
Genetic counseling is a non-directive service for people who require information and/or support regarding genetic health issues.
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Getting Involved in Genetics
Science can seem intimidating and even boring, but genetics is actually a fascinating field that is accessible to both beginners and enthusiasts.
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The Basics of DNA Types and Inheritance
People interested in exploring both recent and deep ancestry may turn to molecular genealogy for more information.
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Introduction to Molecular Genetics
Molecular genetics is a genetics sub-discipline, including areas such as DNA structure, RNA structure, gene expression, gene mutation and gene therapy.
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Introduction to Classical Genetics
Classical genetics is the oldest field within genetic science, and an essential foundation for several other disciplines.
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Online Evolution Resources for Educators
Teachers and other educators looking for guidance on teaching evolution can access several useful resources online.
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National DNA Day Celebrations 2009
DNA Day remembers both the identification of DNA's chemical structure in 1953, and the work of the Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003.
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Introduction to Gene Mutations in Humans
Most changes in DNA aren't harmful, however, some can have a detrimental effect on health and development.
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Understanding Genetic Testing in Healthcare
Genetic testing can be an important part of support, preventative measures and/or treatment for health problems in individuals and families.
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Online Evolution Resources for Children
There are several introductory-level science websites suitable for children and young people wishing to pursue an interest in evolutionary biology.
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Online Genetics Resources for Children
Children and young people interested in learning about genes and DNA can access several educational websites that cover the basics.
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Understanding Genetic Consultation
A genetic consultation can offer information and support for those who have or are at risk to genetic disorder.
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Introduction to Proteins in Human Cells
Genes are defined as basic units of heredity that direct the production of proteins. What are proteins and why are they important?
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Introduction to Chromosome Abnormalities
Problems with chromosome number or structure can have serious implications for the individual affected.
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Introduction to Chromosomes in Human Cells
First discovered in the 1800s, chromosomes are cell bodies that provide efficient storage for DNA.
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Edinburgh Zoo Celebrates Evolution
On February 12th 2009, Edinburgh Zoo celebrated Darwin100, marking 200 years since the birth of Charles Darwin.
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200 Years Since the Birth of Charles Darwin
Darwin Day is February 12th 2009, marking 200 years since the birth of Charles Robert Darwin, one of the most significant contributors to evolutionary biology.
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Introduction to the Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project was a 13-year international research project that aimed (and succeeded) to sequence the human genome.
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Common Misconceptions in Genetics
Misunderstood areas in genetics include the eye color phenotype, the genetics of identical twins, cloning, and the offspring of first cousins.
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Facts About DNA and Genes
DNA is a fascinating molecule - it's strong, it's long, it's found in viruses, and offers insight into the ancestry of modern humans.
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Basic Genetics Terms for Beginners
Those new to the field of genetics may feel baffled by terminology such as "alleles", "autosomal chromosomes" and "genotype".
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Science Basics for Understanding Evolution
Evolutionary biology is no stranger to misconceptions, with terms such as "evidence","hypothesis" and "theory" often being misused.
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Genetics and Evolution Resources Online
Those interested in learning more about genetics and evolution will find a wealth of information available online.
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Gifts for Genetics and Evolution Enthusiasts
There are a great many gift possibilities for genetics and evolution enthusiasts, including books, DNA models, stuffed toys and experiment kits.
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How to Teach Genetics to Children
Genetics can be explained in simple language, and can also be demonstrated through fun activities such as comparing inherited traits or extracting DNA in the kitchen.
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Understanding Eye Color Prediction
Predicting a child's eye color is no easy task, and it's important to note that the Mendelian model used for such predictions is inaccurate, despite still being popular.
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How to Become a Geneticist in the USA
Becoming a geneticist in the US usually requires a bachelor's degree and a graduate degree, though the route will depend on the candidate's potential area of work.
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How to Extract DNA From Fruit and Vegetables
For those who've wondered what DNA actually looks and feels like, the following kitchen or school lab experiment can provide the answers.
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Introduction to Terminology Used in Genetics
Genetics is the branch of science concerned with heredity in organisms, such as humans. What are genes, DNA, chromosomes and proteins - and where are they stored?
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Basic Cell Biology for Understanding Genetics
Genetics is concerned with how traits are passed on through generations. This information, genetic material, is stored inside cells, working units that make up organisms.
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Useful Science Basics for Understanding Genetics
Some basic physics, chemistry and biology can offer a quick foundation for laymen wishing to better understand how DNA, genes and chromosomes work.
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Helping Friends and Relatives with PTSD
PTSD can be distressing for caregivers, who may find benefit in learning about the disorder, communicating positively, supporting treatment and looking after themselves.
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Understanding Post-Holiday Depression
Post-holiday distress may result from holiday letdowns and unrealistic expectations. It is managed by keeping healthy, avoiding bad patterns and setting sensible goals.
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Coping with Depression in the Holidays
Holiday-related low mood, anxiety and stress can be managed by keeping a budget, breaking tradition, being realistic and sticking with healthy habits.
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Depression and Stress in the Holidays
Mental distress is common during the holiday season. Possible triggers include relationship problems, financial concerns and unrealistic portrayals in the media.
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How to Become a Mental Health Nurse in the UK
In the UK, mental health nurses require a secondary school education (or equivalent), a nursing diploma or degree and registration with the Nursing and Midwifery Council.
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Borderline Personality Disorder Resources Online
People with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and their caregivers will find informative articles, recommended reading and support forums all available online.
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Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder
People with winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD) experience an onset of depression in the fall or winter, and are relieved of their symptoms in the spring or summer.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Resources Online
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and their caregivers will find informative articles, support forums and details of support groups all available online.
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Training to Be a Psychiatric Nurse
In the US, the professional requirements to become a psychiatric nurse include completion of high school, a college or university nursing program and a licensing exam.
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Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Affecting at least 1-2% of the US population, BDD is characterized by excessive concerns over perceived appearance flaws, resulting in a marked impact on quality of life.
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Helping Someone with OCD
OCD often has a detrimental effect on caregivers, who will likely find benefit in learning about the illness, seeking support and communicating positively.
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Becoming a Psychiatrist in the UK
In the UK, the professional requirements to practice as a psychiatrist include completion of a medical degree, postgraduate foundation training and specialty training.
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Training to Be a Psychiatrist
In the US and Canada, the professional requirements to become a psychiatrist are demanding, including high school, college, medical school and residency training.
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Introduction to the DSM-IV-TR
The DSM-IV-TR is the standard handbook for diagnosing mental disorder. It is used by mental health professionals in the United States.
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Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
OCD is a common, serious anxiety disorder characterised by obsessions and/or compulsions, symptoms that can have a significant impact on function.
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Deep Brain Stimulation for Depression and OCD
Physical stimulation of the brain can reduce symptoms in people with treatment-refractory conditions, including depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Understanding Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
MAIOs are effective for treatment-refractory depression, increasing levels of certain neurotransmitters. However, people on MAOIs must follow a restricted diet.
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Benzodiazepines for Anxiety
Benzodiazepines may be an effective short-term treatment for people with severe anxiety. However, these drugs do carry a significant risk of dependency.
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Depression and Physical Illness
Depression is more prevalent in people with physical illnesses, possibly triggered by the stress of being unwell and undergoing treatment.
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Lithium Treatment and Pregnancy
Continuing lithium maintenance treatment during pregnancy may be essential to the health of some women with mood disorders.
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Depression in Young People
Depression affects approximately 5% of children and adolescents in the US. Possible risk factors include family problems, illness and lack of support.
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Nutrition and Mental Health
This article looks at the links between nutrition and mental health, offering a snapshot of the essentials required for a healthy, varied diet.
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Understanding Antenatal Depression
This article introduces the symptoms, prevalence, causes and treatment of antenatal depression, an illness that can seriously impact on the lives of mothers-to-be.
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Introduction to Emetophobia
This snapshot of emetophobia looks at the prevalence, causes and behaviors associated with the extreme fear of being sick.
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Propranolol for PTSD
Could taking propranolol after a frightening or shocking event help prevent PTSD? This article introduces the idea of "therapeutic forgetting".
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First Aid for Panic Attacks
This article provides some quick tips for sufferers of panic attacks, including advice that can be put into practice right away.
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Overcoming Fear of Flying
Gaining an education in aviation may be an important stepping stone in tackling aerophobia, the irrational fear of air travel.
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Dark Therapy for Bipolar Disorder
Circadian rhythms may play an important role in sufferers of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder - could darkness be the answer in tackling manic episodes?
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Understanding Depression in Older People
This factsheet looks at how depression affects older people, including information on symptoms, stigma, treatment and coping strategies.
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Self-help for Summer Depression
This article explores self-help strategies for sufferers of summer SAD, including tackling depression and staying cool in the summer sun.
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Understanding Summer Depression
This article offers an overview of reverse seasonal affective disorder, the rare summer form of SAD that can signifcantly impact on the lives of sufferers.
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Depressive Personality Disorder
An overview of depressive personality disorder (DPD), pervasive patterns of depressive behavior subject to much controversy.
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Understanding Dysthymia
This piece offers an introduction to dysthymic disorder, including how to manage this persistent type of mild depression.
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Depression in Loved Ones
This article aims to provide some practical hints for helping friends and family members who are dealing with a depressive illness.
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A Guide to Icelandic Language
This article is an introduction to the Icelandic language, examining the classification, alphabet, vocabulary, grammar, name customs and linguistic policies.
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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
This article offers an introduction to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a cyclical mood disorder that can severely impair the lives of sufferers.
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