Articles related to "Holy Roman Empire"

Protestants believe that the Reformation in the 16th century was a product of Divine Providence for which the political context surrounding this event is a case in point.

The Papacy and the Empire both attempted to lead Christendom in the Middle Ages, to varying degrees of success. They existed in competition throughout the period.

In the high Renaissance in Europe (c.e.1500-1600) Landsknechts, were the highest paid mercenary troops of the time. Their ranks included pikemen, swordemen, and gunners

The German people were fragmented in the late-18th and early 19th-centuries. This state of separation became easy pickings for Napoleon and the French army.

The life and times of a much misunderstood and maligned queen.

Speyer, a city on the left bank of the Rhine, has a medieval old town and is most famous for its Imperial Cathedral, an ancient Jewish bath and two world-class museums.

The Hanseatic League of medieval merchants reached a zenith in its power by winning a war with Denmark.

Henry VIII married Anne of Cleves to form a new alliance after relations between England, France and the Holy Roman Empire deteriorated. They divorced six months later.

Even though Berlin is a very young capital by European standards, the story behind its founding is just as interesting as the city's modern day history.

Few sights in Europe can compare in sheer romance to looking across the domes and rooftops of Venice as the moon rises over the Adriatic, bathing Venice in its glow.

Castle Trifels, where replicas of the Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation are shown, is a top tourist destination in the Pfalz (Palatinate).

Margaret Tudor led a very turbulent life, causing scandal. She married three times, and, like her brother Henry VIII, had trouble obtaining divorces.

Top sights to see in Regensburg on the Danube in Bavaria include the best-preserved medieval city center in Germany, a Gothic cathedral, important museums, and Walhalla.

Bavaria began as a duchy during the early middle ages, and was elevated to an independent kingdom by Napoleon. During WWII it became home to Nazi headquarters.

Hildesheim in Germany has beautiful half-timbered buildings, a magnificent Market Square, and Romanesque churches inscribed on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.

Also known as Sven the Dane, Sweyn Forkbeard was King of England from 1013 until his death in 1014.

Frederick was well educated and also committed to increasing the power of the Prussian state. He also achieved some of Prussia's greatest victories.

There is always something to celebrate! These are the major political, historical, religious and plain fun holidays and festivals around the world for August 2006.

Jane Johnson recounts a fictional recreation of the Infanta Margarita's sitting for Velazquez's Las Meninas.

Even in Germany, where old cities are commonplace, Lübeck impresses visitors with its birth date of 1143.

One of the most contested rulers of England, Matilda won her throne in the end--in a fashion.

If you're looking for a taste of the old country without breaking your budget, opt for an off-the-beaten path tasting tour of New York's oldest beer garden, the Bohemian.

The dissolution of Charlemagne's empire and the death of Pope Nicholas the Great contributed to growing anarchy and corruption, addressed in 910 by the Cluniac reforms.

Before he became famous and was lured to Burgundy by Philip the Good, Jan van Eyck, who perfected the new oil painting medium, was hired by John III the Pitiless.

The 11th century conflict over lay investiture highlighted struggles between church and state as reform minded popes attempted to limit the scope of secular authority.

An analysis of Luther's role in the Protestant Reformation raises questions of realpolitik, religious ideology, orthodoxy, and hegemony.

France's Alsace has countless feudal castles. Haut-Barr is a major tourist attraction. Hiking to castle ruins on the Alsace-Palatinate border leads off the trodden trail.

Medieval witches were more unusual than many may think. But once the witchcrazes took hold, they swept through Europe with a vengeance.

The Nazi Party Rallying Grounds in Nuremberg include the Zeppelin Tribune, Große Straße (Great Road), Kongreßhalle (Congress Hall), and informative documentation center.

Why did firearms, starting out as they did, ever become commonplace in warfare?

Portuguese cuisine can be defined by its abundant access to fresh seafood and its variety of spices derived from its historical trading empire.

Combining elements of SimCity, Civilisation and Rome: Total War, Europa: Universalis III is a social economic strategy game so complex it has audiences divided.

Not even the royal families of Europe, the most powerful people of their time, could escape from being broken down into feudal class categories.

The fortifications and casemates of Luxembourg were inscribed on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List as an outstanding example of European military architecture.

Top sights in Hildesheim, Germany include the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage listed Ottonian Romanesque St Michael's Church, St Mary's Cathedral (Dom) and bronze doors.

Disputes between the papacy and the French King Philip IV resulted in the election of a French archbishop who promptly relocated the papal court to Avignon in France.

The Congress of Vienna was a peace conference held after the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th Century. It redrew the boundaries of Germany and Prussia.

In 1787, Russian Minister Grigori Potemkin set about to prove the value of the Crimean lands to Catherine the Great through an elaborately deceitful plan.

Burg Eltz, near Koblenz at the confluence of the Mosel and Rhine Rivers, is one of the most romantic medieval castles in Germany and all of Europe.

Robert Browning is just one writer who has extolled the virtue of this springtime flower. This article looks briefly at the history of the flower "Tulipa"

When visiting Vienna on a time constrained schedule, it is still possible to explore integral historical and cultural sites in both the arresting old city and beyond.

Wine tasters in France's Alsace region should slow down on their route to stroll the streets of these towns, almost too pretty to be true.

More than 2,000 years old, Regensburg in southern Germany is a charming city with a fascinating history and plenty to enjoy.

The appeal of Hitler and the Nazi Party may have had more to do with addressing the national malaise and humiliation than unemployment and Depression.

Scotland's 17th century attempt to build an Empire in central America ended in disaster. But it paved the way for a partnership with their greatest rivals, England.

The Diet of Worms, into which Martin Luther was summoned by the political and religious hierarchies of Medieval Christendom, gave the Reformation its own defining moment.

Saint Boniface was a man who brought a great expansion of the Catholic faith, and here is a political and modern evaluation of his life.

Kara Mustafa was the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1676 to 1683, and the architect behind the 1683 siege of Vienna.

Based on Jewish folklore The Golem of 1920 was part of the German Expressionist movement that revolutionized the Horror genre and film-making across the West.

Evidence shows more people were traveling during the 16th century in France than in previous centuries and also that advances in the travel industry were being made.