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The Articles of Confederation
This essay examines the balancing of states' rights and national power in The Articles of Confederation.
the articles of confederation • conflict between national union and state independ • historical background of the articles of confedera • states' rights and the articles of confederation • national powers and the articles of confederation

America's First Government
This essay examines the balancing of states' rights and national power in The Articles of Confederation.
america's first government • balancing national and state powers in the article • balancing of states' rights and national power in • drafting the articles of confederation • compromises between national power and states’ rig

A More Perfect Union Part I
A history of how the United States came into being, by looking through the eyes of her founding fathers. It wasn't easy but anything worth having, usually isn't...
articles of confederation • original thirteen colonies • constitutional convention

Articles of Confederation and the Constitution
Devised during the Revolutionary War, the weak central government of the Articles of Confederation was unable to cope with the pressing problems of a new nation.
articles of confederation and the constitution • constitution and articles of confederation compare • contrasting the articles of confederation with the • creating a strong central government • shays rebellion and the constitution

In Search of a National Government
Before there was a Constitution, there were the Articles of Confederation. See how this document helped lay the groundwork for the future document that we study today.
articles of confederation • united states constitution • american constitutional history

Novus Ordo Selorum: A New Order for the Ages
It was clear that the Articles of Confederation would no longer effectively govern the country. What would the nation's leaders do now?
u.s. constitution • articles of confederation • virginia plan • new jersey plan • american constitutional history

The Collapse of the Confederation
By the late 1780s, Americans were growing increasingly unhappy with their government. What was the problem?
confederation congress • articles of confederation • shays's rebellion

Political Causes of the Civil War
What were the political causes of the American Civil War? What differences led to the War Between the States? And what lessons can we take from the war?
causes of the civil war • causes of the american civil war • slavery and the civil war • southern slavery • political causes of the civil war

In the Shadow of Our Founders -- Part Two
Second in a Series of Articles on the Constitutionality of Secession
secession • south • confederate • jefferson • davis

In the Shadow of Our Founders: Part Two
Second in a series of guest articles on the constitutionality of secession by Brian Tubbs.
american civil war • civil war • civil war and constitution • jefferson davis • abraham lincoln

Colonials' Fear of Natives
America's early policy of viewing Native American tribes as a threat lead to a grave injustice and its longest war.
native american • seen as threat • view as "savage" • declaration of independence • articles of confederation

James Madison
James Madison, after graduating from Princeton, serves as a delegate to the patriotic convention and becomes close friends with Thomas Jefferson.
james madison • thomas jefferson • george washington • patrick henry • port conway

James Madison's Virginia Plan
A revolutionary plan that would become the blueprint of the new national government
second continental congress intent • revision of the articles of confederation • james madison virginia plan • james madison separation of powers • james madison three branches of government

Madison and Hamilton
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton stressed that an additional convention of states must be called to revise the Articles of Confederation.
james madison • 1786 annapolis convention • alexander hamilton • virginia plan • articles of confederation

Overview of the George Washington Presidency
George Washington faced many problems as the first executive in the constitutional era. Survival of the nation was the biggest. Europe expected America to fail.
george washington • george washington's presidency • articles of confederation • constitution • period after the american revolution

Ratification of the US Constitution
From March, 1781 to March, 1789 the United States operated under the Articles of Confederation. Amending the Articles required unanimous consent.
us constitution • articles of confederation • constitution article vii • constitutional convention • unanimous consent

The Framers and the Sovereign
In the summer of 1787, the framers of the Constitution of the United States took the radical step of transferring national sovereignty from a government to the people.
we the people • sovereignty in the constitutional convention • framers of the constitution • sovereignty in british america • representation in the national legislature

The Three/Fifths Compromise
Did the U. S. Constitution claim that Africans were only three/fifths human? No, the three/fifths compromise decided representation, not the humanity of individuals.
u s constitution • three/fifths compromise • constitutional convention • articles of confederation • james madison

Three/Fifths Ratio Not New
When the framers of the U. S Constitution were drawing up that document, they faced many obstacles that required much debate and ultimate compromise.
three/fifths ratio • u. s. constitution • articles of confederation • three/fifths compromise • james madison

Writing the United States Constitution
The events that led up to the ratification of the United States Constitution were challenging for the founders. Prior to the writing of the Constitution colonial America
united states constitution • articles of confederation • restructuring a new country • declaration of independence • george washington

In the Shadow of Our Founders -- Part Three
The Final Installment of Our Look at Jefferson Davis, Abraham Lincoln and the Constitutional Debate Over Secession
secession • jefferson • davis • thomas • founders

In the Shadow of Our Founders: Part Three
Third in a series of guest articles on the constitutionality of secession by Brian Tubbs.
american civil war • civil war • civil war and constitution • jefferson davis • abraham lincoln

The Tenth Amendment to the US Constitution
Among the difficulties proponents had when seeking constitutional ratification was the lack of an express limit on federal power. The Tenth Amendment was to remedy this.
constitution's tenth amendment • mcculloch v. maryland • delegated powers • implied powers • articles of confederation

Conservatives Versus Liberals
Throughout American political history, conservatives and liberals have been battling for control of the government.
conservatives • liberals • american politics • jeffersonians • jacksonians

Effects of the American Revolution
Although the former colonies were now fully independent, the new nation was plagued with problems in governance, commerce, and internal social concerns.
effects of the american revolution • effects of the revolutionary war • post revolutionary war conditions • articles of confederation • commerce and trade after the revolutionary war

Josiah Bartlett: Patriot and Statesman
Josiah Bartlett, signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a patriot and statesman, as well as a successful doctor. Join me as I explore Dr. Bartlett's years in politics.
josiah bartlett • declaration of independence • john wentworth • kingston • new hampshire

The Rocky Road to Ratification - Part I
September is US Constitution month at Suite 101 and at the New Hampshire topic. Join me each week of September as I explore the issues and intrigues scattered on the rocky road to ratification!
ratification • keystone • us constitution • nh constitution • constitutional convention

The Rocky Road to Ratification - Part II
What made a New Hampshire Federalist? What were their issues? Join me to find out.
ratification • keystone • us constitution • nh constitution • constitutional convention

The Rocky Road to Ratification - Part III
Political maneuvering and sensational attacks in the newspapers weren't invented by modern-day politicians. Join me to learn about New Hampshire's rocky road to ratification.
ratification • keystone • us constitution • nh constitution • constitutional convention

The Rocky Road to Ratification - Part IV
Join me on this final leg of the journey to discover how New Hampshire became the State that made a nation.
ratification • keystone • us constitution • nh constitution • constitutional convention

Why the US Pioneered Modern Constitutionalism
Both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution came out of an English tradition of limited representative government mirrored in colonial governments.
why the constitution was written in america • american constitutional development • articles of confederation and the constitution • constitutionalism and great britain • colonial examples of constitutionalism

Presidential Trivia: Shortest Oldest Fattest Etc
Find out why President Taft needed a special bathtub, what records might be broken by Obama or McCain, and which president was not a U. S. citizen when he died
presidential trivia • shortest president • tallest president • fattest president • george washington not first president

SHORT, FAT AND THIN: PRESIDENTS ARE HUMAN, TOO! (PART I)
In this first contribution to this site by a guest author, William Reynolds (known to fans of this site as "Ossining") presents the transcript of a talk he gave recently. Mr. Reynolds is the official village historian of Ossining, New York, and a member of the Democratic Committee. I have taken the libery of adding some pictures and making some technical corrections.
presidents • fat • thin • madison • taft

Making Whiskey in Western Pennsylvania
The Revolutionary War brought the desired freedom the young states wanted, but it also brought great debt. Alexander Hamilton's idea on how to pay the debt caused mayhem.
distilling whiskey in pennsylvania • moving to pittsburgh after war • alexander hamilton excise tax • george washington in carlisle • neville bower hill burns

States Taxes on Interstate E-Commerce
The growth of e-commerce raises questions about the application of state sales taxes on interstate transctions.
e-commerce • internet taxation

The First Order of Greatness
George Mason's Place in American History
george • mason • virginia • statesman • revolution

Twenty-Five Greatest Champions of America: Part Five
The fifth installment in our series looking at the most effective and principled advocates for America's founding principles.
franklin • hope • adams • bryan • marshall

Gen. Mansfield Lovell, CSA
Mansfield Lovell was a West Point educated engineer whose career as a Confederate general was tarnished by losing the port city of New Orleans to Admiral David Farragut.
mansfield lovell • csa • general • confederate • new orleans

Madison and a Bloody Prediction
James Madison sees the new Constitution ratified and makes a lifelong enemy of Patrick Henry. Henry predicts there well be rivulets of blood.
james madison • constitution of the united states • patrick henry • dolly payne madison • james monroe

Mary Pickersgill’s American Flag
Mary Pickersgill, during the War of 1812, is commissioned to make an American flag to fly above Fort McHenry
war of 1812 • francis scott key • star spangled banner • american history • fort mchenry

The Albany Plan of Union 1754
Renewed conflict with France prompts Albany Congress. Six Nations of the Iroquois attend. Ben Franklin, Thomas Hutchinson propose Central Government to organize defense.
albany plan of union • french and indian war • albany congress • ben franklin • thomas hutchinson

American History Gems
As each generation learns American History, new facts and long ignored items are rediscovered. A few of these interesting tidbits are as follows:
zachary taylor • james polk • jefferson davis • battle of buena vista • president

Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan of Union
The Albany Plan represented an efficient approach to a more centralized government able to address general colonial issues but still under Parliamentary control.
albany plan of union • franklins plan of union • benjamin franklin's plan of union • colonial attempts at unity • the albany plan and the constitution

George Washington
On April 30, 1789, George Washington, standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York, took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. "As the first of every thing, in our situation will serve to establish a Precedent," he wrote James Madison, "it is devoutly wished on my part, that these precedents may be fixed on true principles." Born in 1732 into a Virginia planter family, he learned the morals, manners, and body of knowledge requisite for an 18th century Virginia gentleman.
george washington • on april 30 • 1789 • the first president of the united states.

George Washington and the Mount Vernon Compact
A meeting between Maryland and Virginia in 1785 showed that the states could cooperate to mutual benefit of both and led to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.
mount vernon compact • potomac canal paved way for constitutional convent • potomac river unites states • annapolis convention fails • u.s. constitution groundwork laid

John Hanson First President of the United States
Who was the first president of the United States? Wrong. It wasn't George Washington, but it was a friend of his.
john hanson first president • first president united states • first black president • first president in congress assembled • elected first president of these united states

Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance was an effort to curtail white settlement on Indian lands and establish a set of rules for future expansion.
northwest ordinance • indian tribes and • northwestern territory • white settlement • confederation congress

Review of Liberty and Tyranny by Mark Levin
Mark Levin issues a manifesto for conservative apologists to challenge modern liberalism.
review of liberty and tyranny • liberty and tyranny • a conservative manifesto • mark levin • statist

The Historic City of Philadelphia
Philadelphia was at the center of the fight for American Independence. Visitors to the city can see important landmarks that transformed US history.
visit philadelphia • philadelphia tourism • independence hall • the liberty bell • the philadelphia mint

The Life of George Washington
George Washington is remembered for leading the United States to victory in the American Revolution and as the first President of the United States.
george washington • the french and indian wars • washington and the american revolution • thomas jefferson • alexander hamilton