The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) are reporting a possible outbreak of dengue fever in people living in or having traveled to Key West, Florida. Though common throughout the world, dengue fever has not been reported routinely in the continental United States since 1945.
Dengue Fever Usually Associated with World Travel
According to the CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report from May 21, 2010, dengue fever is responsible for up to 100 million illnesses and 25,000 deaths worldwide annually. It is normally found in tropical and subtropical areas like Puerto Rico, Africa and South America.
Dengue fever is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. The first case linked to Key West was identified in New York in September, 2009. A traveler, recently returned from Key West was diagnosed, shortly followed by two residents of this island community off the tip of South Florida. Twenty-eight confirmed cases have been reported within the past nine months.
Watch for Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Travelers and residents of areas with confirmed cases of dengue fever should be alert for symptoms such as:
- high fever
- severe headache or pain behind the eyes
- joint, muscle or bone pain
- rash
- mild bleeding
Most cases are mild and don't require specific treatment. Patients are advised to use acetaminophen (Tylenol) for aches and pains and to get plenty of rest and fluids. A severe illness, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, may occur several days after initial symptoms. This can be life-threatening. Patients should watch closely for:
- decreasing temperature
- bleeding from the nose or gums
- vomiting of blood
- dark, tarry stools or blood in the stools
- fatigue
- shortness of breath
- pale complexion
- cold skin
People experiencing these symptoms need hospitalization for immediate treatment.
Prevention of Mosquito Bites
Avoiding mosquitoes is the best way to prevent dengue infection. Using mosquito repellent on the skin and clothing is very helpful. Keeping the windows closed and using the air conditioner is recommended, if possible. If windows must be open, replacing screens or patching holes keeps mosquitoes from entering the home or traveler's hotel room. Eliminating areas of standing water around the home prevents mosquitoes from laying eggs. Some communities also have aerial pesticide programs using planes or trucks to spray large areas like cities and outlying areas.
Anyone who feels they may have symptoms of dengue fever and has traveled or lived in a subtropical area should see their healthcare provider for further evaluation.
Dengue Fever Resources
CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report May 21, 2010.
CDC Dengue Homepage. Accessed May 21, 2010.
Melissa Murfin - Melissa is a physician assistant in endocrinology with a further specialization in thyroid and parathyroid disorders. She is also a ...
