Lesson 3: Clay
In this lesson we'll go over several types of clay that can be used to create beads, including a recipe for homemade clay. We'll also discuss the proper techniques for working with clay, as well as some finishing options.
Self-hardening Clay
Introduction to Clay
If you've never worked with clay before, this is a great time to give it a try. The malleable nature of clay lends itself perfectly to bead making. It can be cut, carved, shaped and colored to create virtually any look that you desire.
Note: For an overview of basic clay techniques, pick up a clay project book from your library. Familiarity with clay terminology and methods will greatly increase your success rate with the following projects.
Self-Hardening Clay
Self-hardening clay is, without question, one of the greatest break throughs in the world of clay. Before its invention, clay work was limited to those individuals who could afford the expense of owning and operating a kiln.
Today this is no longer the case. Since self-hardening clay is designed to dry on its own (hence the name), virtually anyone can work with clay, whether it's an experienced studio artist, or a crafter who likes to dabble in the weekends.
For bead makers, this is all great news, as it opens up a new world of bead making possibilities.
Shopping Tips
Since there are many types of clay on the market—self-hardening, oven-cured, and kiln fired—it is important that you know what to look for when you are shopping for clay.
Before you take something home, check the box for drying instructions. If you want something that will dry on its own, it is very important that the box include instructions for air drying. Often times you will find clay that has instructions for both air drying and oven drying. These clays are fine too. Just don't purchase anything that mentions kiln firing or cone temperature unless you actually own a kiln!
Cookie Cutter Creations
If you think you have to have expensive tools to work with clay, then think again. Something as simple as a cookie cutter can be used to create fun, clay beads. Dig through your kitchen drawers for a few cookie cutters or pick up some at your local home or craft store. Then, get ready to have some fun.
Note: For safety's sake, it's best to ear mark specific cookie cutters for clay use. If you decide to use cutters from your kitchen, do not return them to kitchen use afterwards.
Start by rolling out a slab of clay using a rolling pin (again, clay-specific tools are best). Aim for a 1/4" slab or less. (This will prevent clay beads from being too heavy to wear, or too thin to stand up to abuse.)
Then, once your slab is ready, simply use your cookie cutter(s) to cut out shapes just as you would if you were making cookies.
Finish by using a pencil to add fine, textural details or press objects into the clay for an eye-catching design. (You'll also need to make a hole or holes to allow for stringing using a wooden skewer or pencil.) Then, just follow the clay manufacturer's drying instructions before stringing and wearing your beads.
Hand-shaped Beads
Another option is to forgo the cookie cutters in favor of rolling out and shaping your own beads. To give this method a try, start by rolling your clay out into a long, worm-like segment. Then, cut off small, uniform pieces, and roll them into balls. Finish by creating stringing holes with a wooden skewer. Then, set aside to dry.
Note: Just as with the cookie cutter beads, pencils and other objects can be used to enhance the surface of the beads while the clay is wet.
Salt Clay
Store-bought clay is not your only option when it comes to working with self-hardening clay. The example shown here was created using a homemade salt clay, which was made from only a couple household ingredients. If you are interested in giving salt clay a try, check out the recipe found at the following website: Victorian Salt Clay
Finishes
Choosing the right finish for your clay beads is just as important as any other step along the way. To determine which finish is right for your work, consider as many options as possible before making a decision. Here are a handful of finish options to consider:
Paint: Acrylic paint adheres well to a dried clay surface. If you are looking to create beads in bright, vivid colors, this may be your best bet. Simply apply the paint with a brush, and allow it to dry. Then add a coat of sealer to prevent the paint from chipping.
Stain: Wood stain makes an excellent finish for clay pieces. If you are interested in trying this finish method, simply apply the stain to dry clay as you would to a piece of wood.
Shoe Polish: Similar in appearance to wood stain, polish adheres well to dry clay. After applying, wipe of the excess, and then seal it with a coat of wax.
