Lesson 5: Annuals, Perennials and Biennials
Biennials: The Garden Fill Ins
Biennials are plants which require two years to complete their life cycle. The first season’s growth results in a small rosette of leaves near the soil surface. During the second season's growth, stem elongation, flowering and seed formation occur followed by the entire plant's death.
So, now that we know what they are, you might ask "what good are they?" Let me explain. For example, the California poppy is a biennial, as are most poppies. But they self-sow readily, meaning they keep on coming back. Rocket larkspur, campanula, English daisy, hollyhocks and desert marigolds are examples of this class.
With a bit of help from a nursery, you can find biennial plants ready for planting. But I prefer sowing the seeds directly into the garden. They seem to come up healthier and stronger. Sow your seeds into planted areas where you want additional color and texture. Remember to take height into consideration. I suggest lightly raking the area with a small garden tool and dampening the soil. Simply toss small handfuls of seed over the area, followed by a light dusting of compost. That’s it!
Once the seeds have germinated and reach 2 inches high, you can thin them out. Taller plants like hollyhocks or larkspur will require support to prevent them from falling over. During the first year, as they are establishing, feed them monthly with fish emulsion to encourage slow steady growth. Some hollyhock strains are prone to mildews. If you see this begin, treat with a powdered fungicide. Dust the ground lightly around the plants too, as many fungi are soil as well as air borne.
These are wonderful and varied plants for the home garden, that can perennialize and become reliable garden bloomers for years to come.
