Changing Concept of Oncogenesis

Over the last few decades the scientific community has made major strides in their understanding of the process of oncogenesis. Much of this progress followed on the advances in molecular biology including the human genome project. This significant achievement has mapped the majority of genes in humans and has allowed scientists to fully explore the genetic factors that contribute to cancer. As a result, cancer can now be considered a genetic disorder.

Throughout the 20th century, scientists had identified many putative carcinogens that are found in our environment. These include several agents ranging from tobacco, UV radiation and several viruses that integrate their genetic code into that of host cells. Much of this knowledge was gained using epidemiological studies that demonstrated links between alleged carcinogens and subsequent cancer. There is now a long list of environmental factors that have been linked to the development of cancer. What do you think is the major environmental cause of cancer deaths in the world today? If you think you know the answer, please participate in our poll.

With the increased knowledge available through the development of molecular techniques in the latter 20th century, has come a major paradigm shift. During this period an increasing number of cancer-causing genetic mutations became known. It also became apparent that many of the environmental causes interact with the genetic apparatus leading to mutations that are associated with cancer development. In addition, other mutations were found that have a more direct role in oncogenesis.

For a review of the various causes of cancer, please read the following article. I will explore some of these in more detail in association with their role in the development of individual cancers.

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