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Multiple ways of knowing

© Dawn Williams

From sixth grade on, I was convinced that I just couldn't "do" math. It was a misconception I nursed passionately until I went back to school in my 30s to begin working on a psychology degree. Entering the classroom of the requisite basic algebra course, I was convinced that failure was imminent.

To my pleasant surprise, this was not the case. An instructor who spelled out each step involved in working equations was a great asset. So was the textbook, which explained in words, not just numbers, how a problem should be worked and why.

The difference was in the way the material was taught. In grade school, I was overwhelmed by columns of numbers on the black board. I'm a linguistic learner; the highly articulate college instructor explained in words as well as numbers. She spoke my language. She taught to my stronger intelligence.

Students today benefit greatly from research conducted at Harvard University by psychologist Harold Gardner. His theory of multiple intelligences offered a new model for understanding personal learning style.

Gardner proposed that we possess seven distinct intelligences, or ways of knowing: linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. While we have access to each of these ways of processing information, some are more fully developed than others. The more fully developed intelligences are called "dominant"; those that remain undeveloped - my under-developed math skills are an example of this - are called "dormant". Whether by genetic predisposition or environmental and cultural influence, it isn't certain why some intelligences develop more fully than others. This is not a permanent condition, however. By recognizing the different areas of intelligence and practicing their application, our ability to use all the intelligences improved.

Linguistic intelligence is characterized by a love for and understanding of language. This applies both to the written and spoken word. The linguistic learner thinks in words; enjoys reading, writing, telling stories, discussing ideas and events, or playing word games.

Logical-mathematical intelligence is often called "scientific thinking". It involves reasoning and critical thought processes. Logical thinkers are often full of questions, enjoy experimenting and figuring things out; and are interested in math, computers or the sciences.

Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence relates to awareness through and use of the body. People with strong kinesthetic intelligence process information through the body and may enjoy drama, mime, physical games, and hands-on learning.

Musical intelligence is demonstrated through an individual's use of rhythm and melody. The musically inclined person may enjoy singing, tapping out the rhythm of a song or rhyme, listening to music, or playing an instrument.

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