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The ABCs of MS Treatments

© Pamela Martin

A recent study released May 8, 2001 during the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology found that "despite the availability of drug therapies that can effectively slow the progress of this debilitating disease, large numbers of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) are not receiving treatment."

Although the National MS Society recommends that therapy start as soon as possible following a definite diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS, 43% of MS patients who participated in the online Harris Interactive survey were not taking any of the FDA-approved treatments. "Older patients and those diagnosed with MS at least five years ago were even less likely to be taking drug therapy." These findings are troubling given the established effectiveness of the medications, particularly when taken as early as possible in the course of the disease.

The 1998 NMSS Medical Advisory Board recommendations were based on "the latest research showing convincing evidence that even when the disease appears to be in clinical remission, damage to the nervous system continues to occur. Thus, early treatment with disease-modifying agents to slow progression is appropriate."

To help you better understand available treatments, here is a "Cliff's notes" guide to the MS disease-modifying agents - Avonex®, Betaseron®, and Copaxone®.

AVONEX®
Chemical Name: Interferon beta-1a
Approved in U.S. and Canada
No Generic Equivalent Available

What is it?: Interferons are a type of protein naturally present in your body. They are thought to have an effect on the body's natural defenses--the immune system. Avonex is the leading treatment for relapsing forms of MS in the US. This treatment is specified for relapsing forms of MS to slow the accumulation of physical disability and decrease the frequency of clinical exacerbations.

How is it Administered?: Avonex must be kept refrigerated, and is given as a once-a-week intramuscular (IM) injection in the large muscles of the thigh, upper arm, or hip. You or a partner can be taught by your health care professional to safely mix the medication with the sterile water and administer the injection. If you are unable to self-inject, and have no family member or friend available to help, the injections can be administered by your physician or nurse.

What are the side effects?: Typically, flu-like symptoms such as muscle ache, fever, and chills. Avonex should be used with caution in people with depression or with seizure disorders, and should not be used by pregnant women. People with cardiac disease should be closely monitored. Routine periodic blood chemistry and hematology tests are also recommended while on this treatment.