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In 1823 Daniel O’Connell founded the Catholic Association to agitate for political rights for Irish Catholics. The CA helped politicise people by holding meetings across Ireland. ‘ O’Connell’s use of the Catholic parish base as a political unit for his emancipation campaign gave him a solid foundation for a national Catholic movement.’(1). The association continued to grow in importance and had some success in the 1826 general election, Roman Catholic relief was eventually granted in 1829 but the Catholic Association was suppressed. During the 1830’s and the 1840’s education was drastically improved in Ireland and this allowed the political education of the masses. Movements such as the Repeal Association used literature to teach nationalism and national self-awareness. O’Connell had insisted on peaceful actions to achieve repeal of the union but the great famine in 1845-46 led to widespread disenchantment with politics and there were increasing calls for an armed uprising. In 1848 some members of the Young Irelanders tried to establish an Irish Republic but the government arrested most of them. The coherence of the nationalist movement had been destroyed by the famine.
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