Home » Mind & Soul » Lutheranism » 2: The Doctrine of Justification as Ecumenical Problem

2: The Doctrine of Justification as Ecumenical Problem

© John L. Hoh, Jr.

13. Opposing interpretations and applications of the biblical message of justification were in the sixteenth century a principal cause of the division of the Western church and led as well to doctrinal condemnations. A common understanding of justification is therefore fundamental and indispensable to overcoming that division. By appropriating insights of recent biblical studies and drawing on modern investigations of the history of theology and dogma, the post-Vatican II ecumenical dialogue has led to a notable convergence concerning justification, with the result that this Joint Declaration is able to formulate a consensus on basic truths concerning the doctrine of justification. In light of this consensus, the corresponding doctrinal condemnations of the sixteenth century do not apply to today's partner.

That the break between Rome and Luther occurred because of the doctrine of justification cannot be denied. Luther in his 95 theses wrote against the abuses he saw in the selling of indulgences and the adoration/veneration of the saints and assorted relics. The people were told that certain things would relieve them of time spent in purgatory.

The fundamental difference still exists. Even today, the Pope sells millenium indulgences. He also advocates denied yourself something for the new millenium. Is it explicit that these things earn "time off for good behavior?" It might be argued that it's not, but there is still an implicit understanding of works righteousness.

What has separated Lutherans from Catholics still exists-to what extent do we participate in our salvation? And to what extent does God participate in our sanctification? It has been told to me by Catholic apologists that Purgatory does not earn one's way into heaven, but is merely a stop for those who are redeemed to be cleansed. Yet, did not the writer to the Hebrew Christians speak of Christ dying, "once, for all; the righteous for the unrighteous?" (Hebrews 10:1-18)

That there is a "notable convergence concerning justification" must be possible for this declaration to be stated and posted publicly. However, as the document itself states, there are still divisive issues that separate Lutheran and Catholic. The fact that Roman Catholicism refuses to accept that we are save by faith alone betrays a deep chasm in the understanding of justification.

"In light of this consensus, the corresponding doctrinal condemnations of the sixteenth century do not apply to today's partner" certainly also rings hollow when, if the condemnations no longer apply, why not say up front, "They do not apply; we were wrong; we apologize." Neither side has yet to state such publicly. Either they apply, and there is no agreement, or they don't apply and these statements, centuries old, must be retracted.