Another element that can have an effect on your relationship is the types of treats you are feeding. Apples, carrots and sugar cubes are the most common. Of these, sugar cubes are the most problematic. Cavities are not a concern with horses because the roots of their teeth are deep in the jaw, and their teeth are always growing (see Feb. 2001 article, "Open Wide"). What makes sugar a bad choice for a treat is the way that many horses react to it. They almost all love it -- many of them love it too much! This treat is the one most likely to cause mean, aggressive behavior. Sugar contains no beneficial nutrients, and in fact many trainers have found that very high strung and nervous horses will become much calmer when they remove all sugar from their diets, including the molasses in their feed. The small size of sugar cubes makes it hard for the horse to tell when you are offering it, which also makes it more likely to lead to a biting problem. Hard candies, like peppermints, often cause these problems too. Experimenting with different types of treats can add to the enjoyment of feeding them and keep your horse from demanding or expecting his favorite treat all the time. Uncooked pasta is a good wholesome choice. Horses may also enjoy watermelon, peaches (not the pit), pears, or cereals. Pop-Tarts(TM) are a favorite of my sister's horse, and I know many who enjoy peanut butter and jelly! To avoid any possibility of colic, be sure to offer very small amounts of any treat.
Horses are grazing animals by nature and almost always love to eat. However, the feelings of love and the concept of a reward are better understood by your horse in other ways. Consistent handling, knowing what is expected of him, working without physical discomfort, petting, stroking and soothing voice tones are the rewards you horse or pony will understand the best. Occasional treats can strengthen the bond between you, but consistent use of treats can deteriorate the relationship.
