Sage, or Salvia officinalis, 'Salvia' is derived from the Latin word 'salvare' which means "to cure" or "to save". In early times, sage almost had the reputation of being a "cure all". The French used it to treat nerves and palsy, Greek physician Discorides prescribed it as a diuretic, and Pliny used it for epilepsy, snakebite and lung problems. Chinese practitioners describe it as a yin tonic to treat nerves.
As described above, Sage is a popular medicinal herb, but also is known for its great culinary value, and also has spiritual properties according to some American Indian tribes.
Description
Green sage is an easy to grow perennial. Leaves are about 2 inches long and green to gray color. Leaf texture ranges from velvety to bumpy, depending on the exact cultivar. The leaves' aroma is described as mostly warm, somewhat pungent. This plant can be pruned into a nice-looking ornamental shrub. Whorls of small flowers bloom in early to late spring or early summer and are colored pink, blue, white or purple. Lower parts of stems are woody.
Growing
Sow seeds about 3/4 inch deep in potting soil about eight weeks before last frost date. Set out in the garden, spacing two feet apart, in well-drained soil (ph 6.0-6.7) in full sun. Take cuttings in early summer and pot up to make new plants. As with many other herbs, sage does not need much fertilization; in fact some sources do not recommend ANY fertilization the first year. The second year and thereafter would require just a small amount of compost or balanced fertilizer. Watering should be done about once a week; however, that would depend on temperatures and sunlight. As a rule, let the soil around the plant dry almost completely before watering again. Prune branches as needed throughout the growing season, then prune to shape in the fall.
Harvesting
Leaves and partial branches of sage plants can be harvested any time as needed. For drying, cut branches with leaves and hang upside down in bunches, in a darkened, dry area. Store dry whole leaves in tightly capped jars to preserve freshness.
Pests
Although usually fairly pest-free, sage can harbor a few pests and diseases such as spider mites, slugs, verticillium wilt and bacterial wilt. With good growing conditions such as well-draining soil and good air circulation, these problems can be avoided.
Uses
Current medicinal uses include treating sore throats, digestive aid, nerve tonic, asthma remedy, use as an antiseptic and astringent. Pregnant women should not use unless a physician is consulted.
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