A tree's trunk can develop slits or split areas when there are wide fluctuations in the temperatures and this typically occurs on the sunny south or west side of the tree. This cracking occurs because the tree's trunk is warm on one side and frozen on the other. This situation causes great pressure within the tree and frost cracks can appear quite suddenly, often with a loud snapping sound. Though cold temperatures cause frost cracks, they usually occur in the area of an existing injury.
Deciduous trees are more prone to cracking than evergreens and isolated trees are more susceptible than those grown in groups or stands. Also, vigorously growing trees are more apt to develop frost cracks than very young or old trees. Trees most susceptible to frost cracking are: apple, crabapple, beech, cherry, golden-rain tree, horsechestnut, London planetree, some maples, pin Oak, tulip Tree, walnut, and willow.
When the warmer weather of spring arrives, these cracks will close as the wood thaws and absorbs water. The cracks will not close completely though and the following winter they will reappear.
Frost cracks can be dangerous because they produce a potentially hazardous defect in the tree and they provide favorable ports of entry for disease organisms.
Frost cracks can be prevented by attaching strips of burlap or tree wrap to susceptible trees. Applying a coat of whitewash to the trunk or inserting a side board along the south side of the trunk will also help. And always remember to avoid injuring your trees unnecessarily and practice judicious pruning of your trees.
Visit this site for a good picture of a frost crack: http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/CoopExt/T...
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