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This Place Is Jumping

© Brian Malloy

Scientists are looking at the professional sport of figure skating? You bet they are. Almost a decade ago, when the athleticism of figure skating began to substantially increase, the difficulty of the jumps gained respectable attention and were subsequently analyzed by scientists in the field of biomechanics. This, of course, would be the study of athletic movements using concepts of anatomy, engineering, and physics as an important and powerful coaching tool. This tool speeds the process of teaching and learning a multi-revolution jump by understanding the basic physics principles that govern rotating and jumping as it relates to each element. This is a discipline in which the skating and jumping technique is scientifically analyzed using a series of video cameras strategically positioned so that various angles can be captured on tape. Results are then viewed using a three dimensional computer.

By using a biomechanical study, information such as the jump characteristics, skating edges, skids, arm, leg, hip, shoulder, and other body positions, and velocity can be determined, quantified, and studied in order to produce a more successful and pleasing technique. This provides a wealth of information that the coaches can use to instruct the skater to perfect a particular jump, master certain techniques, and isolate problem areas that need correction.

Most of the information gathered in this study would not be possible using the naked eye. In the case of the triple axel jump, the skater is off the ice for less than one second. So much is happening in this short amount of time that it would not be possible to capture every element without the use of sophisticated equipment. During a three-revolution axel jump, a biomechanical study can determine the maximum rotation speed, the time of flight, the jump height, and the jump distance. We can obtain a very clear picture of what is happening on the ice by studying the approach, preparation, take-off, flight, and landing categories of the jumps.

Whatever the process, methodology, or technique, the axel remains one of the most difficult jumps a skater can attempt. While most skaters can successfully land a double, only a handful can accomplish a triple. The long hours spent perfecting this jump are certainly made worthwhile when judges are able to reward points upon successful completion for this advanced degree of difficulty. More importantly, the display of control, strength, and grace given by the skater gives the viewer a chance to witness one of the most elegant and beautiful figure skating feats possible. In my eyes, this is one of the reasons that make the sport such a joy to watch and a sight to behold.