Freedom Food

Last month we touched briefly on the subject of ethical raising of farm animals. One of the more interesting sites I have encountered is the RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. )

Rather than just talking about how poorly livestock are cared for they have developed a program which enables farmers to meet strict guidelines with regard to their farming practices and provide a real benefit to both member farms and consumers.

Freedom Food primary purpose is to improve the way we raise our livestock and ensure they are cared for in an appropriate manner. The program started in1994 and since then, it has been adapted by many other organizations throughout the world to meet their own specific requirements. There are five principles (freedoms) that must be meet before a farm is accepted. They are:

Freedom from Fear or Distress
Freedom from Hunger or Thirst
Freedom from Discomfort
Freedom from Pain or Injury
Freedom to Express Normal Behaviour

Freedom from Fear or Distress

It has long been know that animals under stress will grow slower and produce less. However, the underlying causes of animal stress can take many forms and this program tries to minimize the underlying causes. For example, one requirements of the program is all individuals working with the animals must have a basic understand of livestock behaviour. This enables the animal handlers to better recognize potential stressors such as groups of varying ages, and the separation of social groups.

Freedom from Hunger or Thirst

Freedom from hunger or thirst may seem out of place here, but it is one area, which allows a very broad interpretation of what is appropriate. This program outlines in detail what is expected on the farm. Everything from the minimum amount of trough space per head to feed requirements is in the guidelines for various species. The goal is to ensure that at all times the livestock have accesses to sufficient nutrients to meet their needs.

Freedom from Discomfort

The environment where livestock live must provide a sufficient space for movement and prevent injury to the animal. The animal must be able to lie down comfortably and bedding if necessary provided. Ventilation and lighting must meet minimum requirements to ensure sufficient fresh air and light is available. In all cases, guidelines exist to prevent overcrowding.

Freedom from Pain or Injury

In addition to environmental considerations to reduce chance of injury, the farmer must also develop a veterinary plan for the care of their animals. This plan includes regular veterinary visits and record keeping of animal health. In the case of procedures, which will cause pain to the animal such as dehorning or debeaking the appropriate program outlines specific guidelines.

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