TETANUS
© Kathleen Newton
Tetanus is an infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani.
Where are the bacteria found?
The spores of this bacterium are commonly found in dust, soil, and manure. The spores are visible only under a microscope.
How would I contract Tetanus?
If you have an open wound on your body that comes into contact with a substance containing the spores of C. tetani, you can contract Tetanus. Large wounds are certainly more susceptible, as there is more surface area for the bacteria to gain entrance into the body. However, even tiny wounds, such as a small scratch or pinprick can provide access for the bacteria.
What happens when C. tetani spores enter the body?
The spores multiply, forming into many, many bacteria. As the bacteria grow, they release a toxin that affects the body's nervous system.
What are the symptoms of Tetanus?
Perhaps the most well-known symptom of Tetanus is its alias: Lockjaw. The toxin released by the bacteria causes muscles spasms and stiffness. Often, the first signs of Tetanus are a headache and a stiff jaw. This stiffness can be so sever that it is impossible to move the jaw muscles. Other symptoms of Tetanus are:
*Irritability
*Neck stiffness
*Trouble swallowing
*Rigid abdominal muscles
*Muscle spasms in the neck, arms, legs, and abdomen
*Convulsions, sometimes severe enough to break bones
After exposure to C. tetani, how long does it take for symptoms to appear?
The average incubation period (from exposure to the onset of symptoms) for Tetanus is eight days. However, symptoms can appear anywhere from three days to three weeks (or more) post-exposure.
Is Tetanus fatal?
It can be. On average, three out of every ten people who contract tetanus will die. There are approximately 50 to 100 reported cases of Tetanus each year in the US.
Is Tetanus contagious?
No. You cannot get Tetanus from an infected person.
How do I protect myself from contracting Tetanus?
Get vaccinated. Since the mid-1940's, the incidence of Tetanus has fallen dramatically, due to the use of the Tetanus vaccine. Forty-seven out of the fifty US states require school-aged children to be vaccinated against Tetanus. All fifty states require the vaccination for any child in day-care. The Tetanus vaccine is usually combined with the vaccines for Diptheria and Pertussis for children under seven years of age. Teenagers and adults receive booster shots every ten years containing the vaccines for Tetanus and Diptheria. It's recommended that you keep current with your immunizations and booster shots. If you receive a minor puncture wound, get a booster shot if it's been close to, or over, ten years since your last booster. If you receive a major wound, it's recommended that you get a booster shot if it's been close to, or over, five years since your last booster.
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