CONCUSSION

Concussion can occur any time the head sustains an injury. If the force of the injury is great enough to cause the brain to bounce around inside the skull, concussion is likely. As the brain is jolted about, the covering of the brain (called the dura) and blood vessels within the skull can be torn or damaged, resulting in disruption of normal brain functions.

Concussion is divided into three categories, according to severity:

GRADE ONE: The mildest form of concussion. The victim does not lose consciousness, but will probably be dazed immediately following the incident.

GRADE TWO: The victim does not lose consciousness, but is confused and probably doesn't remember the incident.

GRADE THREE: The most severe form of concussion, the victim loses consciousness immediately after the injury, and has no memory of the incident.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF CONCUSSION: (occurring after any injury to the head)

*Severe headache

*Vomiting

*Dizziness

*Unequal pupil size

*Sudden weakness in an arm or leg

*Loss of consciousness at the time of injury

*Memory loss or forgetfulness

*Confusion

*Drowsiness

Symptoms of concussion can last a few hours to a few weeks, depending on the severity of the injury.

FIRST AID FOR SUSPECTED CONCUSSION

*Call 911 if the victim is unconscious. Monitor pulse and respiration.

*If the victim is conscious but exhibiting any of the above symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

*Control any bleeding that may be present.

*Keep the victim as calm and comfortable as possible.

*If there is any sign of injury to the neck or back, do not move the victim. Call 911.

Your health care provider will be able to tell if concussion is present by performing a CT scan (a special type of X-ray) or an MRI (a magnetic image of the brain).

Treatment for concussion usually consists of monitoring the victim for any changes in consciousness. Sometimes hospitalization is required for a day or two. If a person with a concussion injury is sent home, someone must be with them for at least the first 24 hours following the injury. Contrary to popular belief, victims from simple concussion injuries do not die if allowed to sleep after their injury. However, they must be monitored to detect any changes in consciousness or symptoms that may develop.

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