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SHOCK

© Kathleen Newton

Shock is a life-threatening condition resulting from severe bleeding. Shock occurs when the circulatory system is unable to deliver an adequate amount of blood to all parts of the body. The shock response is the body's attempt to maintain adequate blood flow to critical body systems and organs.

A significant loss of body fluid (blood or even fluids lost as a result a vomiting and/or diarrhea) can affect the heart, causing irregular beating and can even cause the heart to stop. During the shock response, the body reduces blood flow to the arms, legs, and skin, and sends the blood to organs crucial for survival, such as the heart, lungs, and brain. When the oxygen-deprived tissues of the extremities and skin start to die, blood is diverted from the organs back to the extremities and skin, in the hopes of preventing further tissue death. Of course, this means that now vital organs are deprived of the oxygen-rich blood. Depending on the volume of blood or fluid loss, death can occur in as little as minutes after initiation of the shock response,

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK

Sometimes it can be difficult to determine the cause of shock. However, the following signs are good indicators that shock may be present.

*Restlessness or irritability

*Changes in consciousness

*Cool, pale, moist skin

*Rapid pulse and breathing

FIRST AID FOR SHOCK

-CALL 911! Shock is a life-threatening condition which requires immediate medical care.

-Control any bleeding.

-Have the victim lie down in the most comfortable position. This will minimize pain. Pain may cause shock to progress at an accelerated rate.

-Elevate the legs about 12 inches. This will increase blood flow to the body's vital organs. DO NOT elevate the legs if head, neck, or back injuries are suspected, or if broken bones in the legs or hips are present or suspected.

-Cover the victim with a blanket or clothing to prevent the victim from becoming chilled.

-Don't give the victim anything to eat or drink.

-Try to keep the victim calm and reassure the victim that help is on the way.

Shock is a treatable condition, and full recovery is likely if the victim receives emergency medical attention. However, death and permanent damage from the effects of shock can occur if advanced medical care is not obtained or available.

The copyright of the article SHOCK in First Aid is owned by Kathleen Newton. Permission to republish SHOCK in print or online must be granted by the author in writing.