Men were henceforth to wear their hair in the Manchu fashion, which was to be shaved at the front of the head and with a queue or pig-tail at the back. Refusal to follow this fashion was again to be punished by death. Since the MAnchus were unfamiliar with the sea, they were unable to resist a powerful campaign against them waged by a Chinese loyalist along the coast of Fujian - they responded by ordering that no one was allowed to live within ten miles of the coast.
Somewhat ironically, the Emperor Shunzhi himself turned out to be a studious and sensitive soul who engaged in discourse with the Jesuits who had established themselves at Beijing and pursued interests in Buddhism and Chinese culture generally. During his reign, the remainder of China was brought under Qing control, with only Taiwan resisting until 1683.
Paludan, Ann, Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors (London: Thames and Hudson, 1998).
Roberts, J.A.G., China: Prehistory to the Nineteenth Century, revised edition (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2000).
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