My Dad had a "hotbed" when I was kid. It wasn't heated in any way-just the sun on the glass provided extra protection. He started his cabbage and tomato plants from seed in it. I don't think he put manure under the soil for added heat, but it's been too many years ago, and at that time I wasn't much interested in a "hotbed."
My own coldframes are simply an assortment of landscape timbers topped with a pane of glass or a pane of plastic. I used glass originally because I had some thermopane windows which had lost their seal and had been replaced. So they became the covers of my coldframes. Eventually, water got between the panes of glass and they broke. So then I used the unbroken pane until weather or carelessness broke that pane as well. I now have four coldframes, one with a glass cover and the others with plastic. The plastic is about 1/8-3/16" thick, and it works well; but it has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is the lighter weight and less chance of being cut; the disadvantage is that it tends to bow in when we have a heavy snowfall.
I first used my coldframe for my pots of daffodil seeds. The seeds are in individual pots, and the pots sunk in the ground. I didn't need to worry about not having a tall coldframe, because by the time the seed germinated in the spring, I could usually take the top off anyway. Then I began to acquire some bulbs that send up foliage up in the fall. After having the foliage frozen off when the bulbs were planted in the open ground, I decided that wasn't good for the bulbs, so I potted them up and sunk them in the coldframe. With foliage up during the winter, I needed to make the coldframe taller, so I simply added a layer of landscape timbers. Like many things, my need for coldframe space grew like topsy, and so now I have four coldframes plus a garden cart that goes in and out of the garage as the weather permits. There's a nice pot of 'Spoirot' blooming on it now. (pictured below) 'Spoirot' is a bulbocodium hybrid, like the "hoop petticoats" you can buy in the fall. It does much better now than when it was planted outside. And since it wants to be completely dry over the summer, being on the garden cart makes it easy.
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