Canada’s north consists of millions of miles of wilderness area. This is a truly awesome land made up of mountains, forests and tundra. An abundance of birds and wildlife call this area home. Crystal clear lakes are teeming with waterfowl and species of fish. The history of this area includes Eskimos, voyagers, explorers and fur traders.
Some of Canada’s most picturesque parks are found in Nunavut. Towering icebergs, mountain glaciers and vast wilderness areas that have thus far proved unconquerable are part of the splendor of Canada’s newest territory.
Nunavut covers approximately two million kilometres of Canada’s north. The territory includes Sanikiluaq and other islands in Hudson and James Bays which are hundreds of miles south of the main part of Nunavut.
Forty-five percent of Nunavut lies on Canada’s northern mainland. The rest includes Baffin Island, which is Canada’s largest island, as well as Ellesmere, Axel Heiberg and Devon Islands. Twelve of Canada’s twenty largest islands are within the boundaries of Nunavut.
Nunavut covers Canada’s coldest areas. Winter temperatures range from –20 to –35 degrees Celsius. Summer temperatures range from 10 degrees Celsius in the southern mainland to less than 2 degrees in the north.
Nunavuts growing season is short, but flora abounds. Plants must root in a few centimetres of soil. Bedrock and permafrost confine their rooting systems. Plants are small and hold the precarious position of being between the stages of growing and dormancy at most times.
The majority of plants that grow on the tundra are perennials. This ensures their survival. The flora of Nunavut can be frozen and thawed without being harmed. The mystery of how this occurs still baffles scientists.
It was a surprise to me that dandelions, buttercups chamomile and harebells grow on the Arctic tundra. In fact, all major categories of plants are represented in Nunavut. Over 200 species of flowering plants as well as greater numbers of mosses and lichens thrive above the tree line.
Species of mammals have adapted in order to survive Nunavut’s harsh temperatures. They have sustained Arctic inhabitants for over 4,000 years by providing raw materials for shelter, tools, food and clothing.
Visitors to Nunavut have great opportunity to observe unique species in their natural habitat though the vast territory prevents seeing all of the wildlife in one visit. If you wish to make the most of your experience here, it is best to hire a Native guide. There are a variety of tours available that suit the individual tourist.
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