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Hypothermia: What you need to know

© Mary M. Alward

Hypothermia is an intense drop in internal (core) body temperature, which can cause brain damage, neurological brain problems, cardiac arrest and, if not immediately treated, death.

Normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Mild hypothermia sets in when body temperature drops below 95 degrees. Moderate hypothermia is an internal body temperature of 93 degrees. Severe hypothermia takes place if body core temperature drops below 93 degrees.

There are several factors associated with hypothermia. If you are to be out in frigid temperatures for an extended period of time, dress in several layers of clothing. Improper dress is the leading cause of hypothermia. Always wear a hat. Body heat escapes through the head. A hat helps to retain body heat.

People who are immerged in cold water for a prolonged period of time are in danger of suffering from hypothermia. This is due to the severe difference between water and inner body temperature. Water that is 80 degrees is approximately 18 degrees cooler than your body's core temperature.

People who have experienced trauma often go into shock and begin to shiver. This is a warning sign of hypothermia. Physical or mental trauma limit s the body's capability to regulate its own temperature.

At the onset of hypothermia, you will realize you are cold. Shivering may occur but will be controlled when you become active. As hypothermia continues, your feet will feel stiff, your muscles will become tense and you will feel fatigued and weak. Then, your skin will take on a waxy pallor and numbness will occur.

When the hypothermia is at a mild level, uncontrolled shivering will grip your entire body. Joints will become stiff and uncomfortable when you move. At this point, you will still be alert but will lose coordination. Most victims of hypothermia deny they have a problem and become difficult to deal with. Denial is the main reason that so many cases of hypothermia are fatal.

As moderate hypothermia takes over your body temperature ranges between 93 and 95 degrees, shivering will become less intense. Normal activity becomes uncomfortable because your blood vessels are severely restricted. At this stage, you have poor coordination and trouble keeping your balance. Your speech may become slurred and you will appear to be in a state of intoxication. You will no longer be able to make responsible decisions and will experience feelings of apathy and confusion. Your breathing will become shallow and you will experience an overwhelming urge to sleep.

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