If you suspect nematodes, clean the roots well and inspect them closely. Keep an open mind, though, because a lack of the characteristic galls or knots does not necessarily mean a lack of worms. Nematode galls are firm to the touch. If soft galls are present, they may be the result of nitrogen deficiency or some other disease. If the plant has tubers, small beads or pimpling may indicate a nematode problem. If it is possible to dissect a suspect root, look for females. They resemble tiny cream-coloured pearls, and reside close to vascular tissue. All of these things are possible signs of nematodes, but the only way to know for sure is to have the soil and/or plant tested. If you think you may have a nematode infestation, contact your local agricultural extension about testing.
Treatment of nematodes can be difficult. Soil drenches of insecticide, or even nematicide, may be ineffective against this type of nematode. The roots themselves can protect the worms from chemical solutions. The best choice may be hand removal of any infested roots, or completely re-rooting the plant, if the infestation is too extensive. Be sure and discard all of the soil, since eggs are quite likely present.
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