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Windows - The Basics

© Shefali Kumar

The next few articles will focus on the different aspects of windows, beginning with a review of the basics of windows, in this article. Also, a definition of some common window-related terms is provided.

Types of Windows

Based on the shape and opening mechanism of the window, there are six types of windows commonly used in residential buildings. These are:

• Casement Windows and Awnings: These are windows which swing out from the sides or up from the top or down from the bottom
• Sliding Windows: These allow the user to slide the window open either to the left or to the right.
• Single and Double Hung: These allow the up and down movement of the window
• Pivoted Windows: These are opened by virtue of being pivoted in the center of the glass pane either vertically or horizontally
• Bay, Bow and Curved Windows: Usually used overlooking a garden or a pleasant view. These windows project out from the face of the building. These windows may also provide seating within the window.
• Fixed Windows: These windows cannot be opened and are used for sidelights, etc.

Here are some graphic images of the window types above.

Based on the materials used in windows, they can be divided into three very broad categories:

• Single Pane Windows: use a single sheet of glass. This type of window is used in warmer climates.
• Double Pane Windows: use two sheets of glass to provide a high level of insulation required in cold climates. Some advantages of using these windows:
• Jali or Lattice Windows: use a wood, stone or brick lattice structure (instead of glass). This is common in very hot and humid climates where ventilation is a predominant concern.

Which Window to Use and Where?

This decision can depend on a number of factors such as:

• Availability of Indoor and Outdoor Space: if space is at a premium either inside or outside a room, sliding and single (or double) hung windows may be used.
• Climatic Conditions: can influence the materials used in materials. As an illustration, in cold climates, double pane windows are used. But in hot climates, jali windows allow ventilation but only filtered (rather than direct) sunlight. Location of windows is also affected by climate. Windows close to the ceiling are used in hot areas to allow hot air to escape.

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