Evolution versus religion (I)


© Francois Tremblay
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There is perhaps no other scientific study more hated than the study of the origins of species. Indeed, while most people have no problem with it (but some can't help interject their own divinity as a spark plug), fundamentalists and devouts of all stripes find fault with it.

This is perhaps easy to explain from a theological standpoint. If man comes from nature, then Christianity, and most other religions, are found to be useless. If there is no original sin, then there is no more reason to believe in Jesus, who died so that we might be saved from that original sin. No salvation is then necessary, and all are saved regardless of their belief or non-belief. It is therefore not a great wonder that Creationism is mostly associated with Christianity !

Even vaguer concepts of gods are severely hampered by the notion of biological evolution. If we understand where all the variety of life on the planet came from, as well as the workings of cosmology, then we substract critical "gaps" in our knowledge that gods were supposed to explain. Thus the authors of new concepts of the divine tend to see them not as causal agents of some kind, but as simpler, impersonal metaphysical forces or phenomenons.

Unfortunately, the main problem with religious people understanding evolution, is that they do not understand what it is. This, it seems, is a common mistake in all controversial fields that I have studied : people do not even understand the words they are using, and therefore end up making grave mistakes of comprehension. So we hear such absurdities that "evolution says frogs changed into men" or "evolution says we evolved from apes" or "evolution is random". Some even equivocate cosmology or abiogenesis with evolution.

First we must distinguish between evolution itself and the theory of evolution. The word "evolution", understood as biological evolution, represents the statement that the variety of adapted species which we observe today emerged from common ancestors, thru a process of change in the genotype of living beings. This is observed in the fossil record and is an accepted fact.

The theory of evolution, on the other hand, is what is covered by Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, the questions of gradual evolution or punctuated equilibrum, and so on : it is the explanation for the phenomenon of evolution, that is, the variety and adaptation of species. Just as no one today disputes that gravity exists, but one may argue whenever gravitrons exist or not, the same thing is true for evolution. One may argue that the evolutionary process is gradual or punctuated, but that is not relevant to the fact of evolution itself.

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