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Junipers, not just the same old boring evergreens

© Jared R. Shortman

Cupressaceae (on a general description on this family go to http://www.for.nau.edu/azproject/Family/...

Juniperus spp. Junipers, ceders

Monecious or Dioecious shrubs, trees. 60 - 70 species. As landscape subjects junipers are one of the most common plants around. There are forms that suit as groundcovers, shrubs, and trees. They are used as hedges for screening, as specimens, and in numerous other functions. Many lend themselves to excessive pruning and are shaped into various wild shapes. Though usually imparting a very "domestic" look due to their common use in landscapes, there are more wild-looking species that lend themselves to more natural landscapes.

Often thought of as temperate climate, or coastal climate natives, there are many species that grow in arid climates as found in the SW United States and N. Mexico. The famous aligator juniper (Juniperous depeanna) has bark that flakes into square shaped pieces (thus the name aligator juniper), and reaches large dimentions (to 60 feet tall!) and old age with its blue-gray foliage. Some specimens have been found to be centaries old, though dating trees proves to be difficult because of complex growth forms. Juniperus scopulorum proves itself tough in arid lands (and native to arid areas). Many forms of this plant are available including a pendulous variety that looks like moss is hanging from the branches. Most junipers will grow in our hot climate, though many prove to be less than exciting in the landscape. Well fed plants with a general purpose fertilizer which are watered correctly look great, especially if left in more of a natural form. Excessive pruning is tolerated by the plants, but should be selective. Sheering of the plants causes foliage growth to occur at one level, and less foliage within the plant, making them look "boney" on the inside. Junipers are excellent for casting shade because of the dense foliage. Using them against the house, especially the taller kinds, can cut cooling costs.

Many have edible fruits that have been enjoyed by humans almost everywhere they are native. Berries are eaten raw, as jellies, added to mush, and as a general spice. They were once used as a pepper substitute in England. Still in Germany they are used as a culinary spice, like for flavoring sauerkraut. The berries are also used to pickle, or preserve various meats. The tar of juniper is used to flavor. In Sweden they are used to make a conserve. Yeast is also made from J. recurva in India.

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