Gettysburg: The Morning of July 1
over the field. Both sides were preparing for the fight they knew would soon continue, repositioning troops and bringing up reinforcements. For the North, the remaining divisions of the I Corps under Brigadier General John Robinson and General Rowley, comprising a total of about 6,000 men, were arriving from the Emmitsburg Road. Coming up from the South was Howard's XI Corps, numbering a total of 9,000 men. The remaining Union corps were still quite a ways off and were not due to arrive until after nightfall.
The Confederates were in much better shape as far as reinforcements were concerned. Two divisions from Ewell's II Corps - Rodes and Early - were approaching from the north along the Carlisle, Harrisburg, and York Roads. These divisions numbered 7,900 and 5,400, respectively. Arriving from the west were more elements of Hill's III Corps, namely the other two brigades of Heth's division under Brigadier General James Pettigrew (2,500 men) and Col. J.M. Brockenbrough (970) and Major General Dorsey Pender's division (6,700).
By 1:00 these new forces would be thrown into the field, over 25,000 Confederates and 18,000 Federals. And the arrival of these reinforcements would prove to cause something that General Lee had been, up to this point, admonishing his commanders to avoid at all costs: a general engagement. And with Lee still some distance off toward Chambersburg, the fight would continue without his immediate direction.
References
The Battle of Gettysburg Homepage (Maps)
Coddington, E. B. (1968). The Gettysburg campaign: A study in command. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
Foote, S. (1994). Stars in their courses: The Gettysburg campaign. New York: The Modern Library.
Hassler, Jr., W. W. (1970). Crisis at the crossroads: The first day at Gettysburg. Gettysburg: Stan Clark Military Books.
Nofi, A. A. (1986). The Gettysburg campaign (3rd ed.). Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books.
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